matter. I don't know if the quantum vacuum has anything to say about that.
charge seperation occured in a polarizable medium. That works for plastic, and it could even work for air, but it's a lot harder to explain for a vacuum.
I like to think of vacuum having a dielectric constant of zero, not unity. Electrons added to one plate repel electrons on the opposite plate, which in turn prefer to exit to friendlier climes, hence the displacement current. Looking at things that way, the vacuum does nothing, stores no energy. Add a dielectric, and the dipoles within the dielectric act like little polarized springs that twist in the field and store energy and somewhat shield the plates from one another in the process.
Of course, treating vacuum as having Er=1 is computationally handy.
Since all those little dipoles in a dielectric are moving thermally, does a charged capacitor make noise?
John