Towards a better clock

Jan 10, 2026 Last reply: 6 months ago 8 Replies

An old jeweler’s trick could change nuclear timekeeping A centuries-old metal-plating trick may unlock ultra-precise nuclear clocks that work without GPS and could redefine how we measure time. Date: January 8, 2026 Source: University of California - Los Angeles Summary: A team of physicists has discovered a surprisingly simple way to build nuclear clocks using tiny amounts of rare thorium. By electroplating thorium onto steel, they achieved the same results as years of work with delicate crystals — but far more efficiently. These clocks could be vastly more precise than current atomic clocks and work where GPS fails, from deep space to underwater submarines. The advance could transform navigation, communications, and fundamental physics research.



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Interesting news, but a terrible write up.

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is much better, if much longer. The critical point - that the summary entirely misses - is that thorium-229 has a very low lying nuclear resonance at a frequency that is low enough for laser excitation.

Standard atomic clocks rely on exciting electronic transitions in the electrons orbiting the nucleus and the resonance is much broader than that of the oscillation in the shape of the nucleus.

They could not have made this article more misleading if they had tried! The alternative technique was growing Thorium doped fluorite crystals.

This is a much less breathless hype description of why Thorium 229 is quite so magical in that by pure fluke the outermost neutron of the nucleus is bound to it by about 10eV as opposed to the usual >10keV.

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You have to wonder if exposing the electroplated thorium surface to a trace of fluorine gas might improve it. Metal surfaces being conductors with free electrons don't couple very well to electromagnetic radiation.

It is probably going to be more interesting to physicists wanting to check whether the fundamental constants of nature truly are constant than to timekeepers. It will always be an exotic technology.

I guess you could seal the entire thing in a glass tube, like a Krytron.

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That would be a 0T1, I guess.

Once we fine-tune the laser to the thorium line, how would we divide the light down to usable electronic-type frequencies?

Rubidium clocks rely on some remarkable tricks and luck to do that.

These guys have been working on this for 18 years. I like electronic design where you get a new thing to play with every few months.

John Larkin Highland Tech Glen Canyon Design Center Lunatic Fringe Electronics

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There's a lot of history there that you don't have a clue about, as there is in regular electronics.

Being you must be its own punishment.

John Larkin Highland Tech Glen Canyon Design Center Lunatic Fringe Electronics

I seem to be as insensitive to my defects as you are to yours.

Long-term, I find both coding and PCB layout to be tedious. But a really challenging PCB can be fun once in a while, especially when it entangles density, exotic components, amps per nanosecond, high voltages, and thermals.

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Some parts are tall and have to go on top, but density forces most parts onto the bottom. Then vias start to matter.

John Larkin Highland Tech Glen Canyon Design Center Lunatic Fringe Electronics

And what was the point of posting that?

Doing anything complicated enough to be interesting means slogging through a heap of grunt work. The occasional tricky bit is the justification for doing it yourself. Finding them on a layout that has been done by a draftsperson, and persuading the draftsperson to get it right was part of my job when I was younger, but now that printed circuit layout programs can be loaded onto your personal computer it's often quicker to do the whole job yourself.

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