Check out the ranges of forcings estimated here:
" * water vapor, which contributes 36=9672% [a 2:1 range] * carbon dioxide, which contributes 9=9626% [3:1] * methane, which contributes 4=969% * ozone, which contributes 3=967%"
They estimate it using models:
"So how is Radiative Forcing calculated? For the most part, it is estimated using data from what is referred to as General Circulation Models (GCM=92s). These models use numerous methodologies[...]"
The same source goes on to give a 4:1 uncertainty range(!) for net anthropogenic forcing:
"Overall, the total net anthropogenic Radiative Forcing is equal to an average value of 1.6 W/m=B2 [0.6 to 2.4 W/m=B2]. This means a warming of the climate."
It's not clear to me whether 1.6 W/m=B2 is total forcing due to CO2, or just the anthropogenic contribution. Your reference gives the language of the formal IPCC definition, which amounts to "total forcing due to CO2," but then the writer goes to include 1.6 W / m=B2 in his list of man-made factors.
The IPCC itself is inconsistent, employing the first usage ("total warming") in one report, and redefining forcing to mean "relative to
1750" (i.e., man-made) in a later report:I took 1.6-to-1.7 W / m=B2 as _total_ forcing due to CO2, of which only ~1/4 is man-made. If I'm wrong, I'm off by a factor of 4. So, am I?
The above link gives the following relationship between forcing and CO2 concentration: dT =3D 5.35 x ln( Ct / Co), W / m=B2, where
Ct =3D current concentration of CO2, in ppm. Co =3D reference concentration of CO2, in ppm.
using 280ppm as the reference level, and 387ppm as Ct, that gives 5.35 x ln(387/280) =3D 1.7 W / m=B2.
So, my mistake. 1.7 W / m=B2 alleged as due to man, not 1/4 that.
(It's a good thing the reference level isn't lower, otherwise for the same absolute CO2 levels we'd get hotter and hotter and hotter.)
That's still a fraction--perhaps 1/10th--of the uncertainty over clouds.
E.g., from the first comment in this same reference:
"2) Cloud Feedbacks =97 This is the million dollar question in climate science, as far as I=92m concerned. Models vary even among the sign of the [water vapor] feedback, although as I recall most have a positive cloud feedback. See the post here for more information. I=92m not sure how reliable GCM cloud feedbacks are, as clouds are not resolved explicitly in the models. One thing=92s for sure.. this is an issue that will be around for some time to come =85"
-- Cheers, James Arthur