You do get similar pinouts for cores with a different amount of memory or peripheral mix but only from one manufacturer. I wouldn't expect any standardisation between manufacturers - after all they are competitors...
Remember ARM sells something like 3 billion cores a year nowadays, so the actual royalty per core is only $0.15. I don't know the ASP of ARMs but it is likely around $5, ie. a few percent goes to royalties.
As I've been saying for years, recompiling code is not really an issue as few people use assembler these days. However if you move between different architectures you have the tools cost, the learning curve and obviously porting of peripheral or CPU specific code. Overall, it is still a significant cost, especially if it involves training many engineers or porting a large codebase. For this reason many companies prefer to standardise on a single architecture.
Not exactly the same situation... I'm sure you didn't mean to compare ARM with PIC :-)
Wilco