when to use polarized caps

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Nah. It is mostly about farad*volts per cc*dollar. Of course there are outlier applications aplenty.

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=46rom what i have seen over the years, nonpolarised electrolytics are really two half capacitors built together. The electroforming process (similar to anodizing) usually forms the dielectric film on one foil plate. Nonpolarised capacitors must have the dielectric film on both plates, this requires separate development. Once formed they still need a conductive electrolyte between the plates. Solid tantalums and solid aluminum caps are somewhat an exception to this.

Electrolytic rectifiers were one of the first type developed. They fell out of use when better rectifiers were made.

You don't comprehend very well, do you? It is the rectification "feature" of the caps that I question.

BTW, when you act like an asshole, expect to be treated as such.

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That makes sense, At large voltages I always figured the reversed biased cap just looked like some 'ugly' resistor... the only reason it didn't blow up was the other cap kept any DC current from flowing. I didn't know that at low voltages they both looked like 'real' caps. Thanks John,

George H.