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The "mere weapon" was the atom bomb, and predicting what it was going to do involved nuclear physics. Once a spot of nuclear fission had dumped a lot of energy into the environment, modelling what was going on did become no m ore complex than predicting the weather. So predicting the behaviour of the "mere weapon" involved handling a wide range of physical processes than pr edicting the weather, and is obviously more complicated.
Invoking the amount of computer power required to get a useful answer as a measure of "complication" is a nonsense argument, but James Arthur's use of rhetorical tricks isn't inhibited by intellectual honesty.
,James Arthur is being economical with the truth - as usual
The "estimates" that he is talking about were the betting pool guesses amon gst the observers. As the relevant paragraph goes on to point out, the math ematical modellers had predicted 18kT, and the test yielded 20kT.
Current climate models split the atmosphere into chunks that are several hu ndred kilometers from north to south and from east to west. Features - like clouds - that aren't that extensive get dealt with as parameterised proper ties of the chunk like, percentage cloud cover.
As with every mathematical model, it's a simplification of reality - sugges ting that it might be an "accurate model" is one more of James Arthur's rh etorical tricks.
Crude as they may be, current climate models can simulate phenomena as subt le and persistent as the Madden-Julian Oscillation, which can hang around f or months.
They are quite good enough to allow us to show that anthropogenic global wa rming is real and significant, and will get worse if we are silly enough to keep on digging up fossil carbon and burning it as fuel.
Twaddle. The main effect of putting more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere is to raise the effective radiating altitude of the earth - what has to be at -18C as Fourier pointed out in 1824 - a bit higher in the atmosphere. T he atmopshere gets colder as one goes higher - at the lapse rate
so the land and ocean surface at the bottom of the atmosphere gets warmer.
nThe denialist propaganda machine (to which James Arthur is an energetic vol unteer contributor) does like to impugn climate models at every opportunity . Their "climate models" are straw men which have nothing to do with the cl imate models run on the super-computers of national meteorological organisa tions of the world, and are best seen as lumps of word salad - as delivered by James in his point 4 above - designed to be easily impugned.
James Arthur has carefully failed to distinguish between the effects of ant hropogenic global warming - as global phenomena - and the effects of the cu rrent, remarkably energetic, El Nino which does have effects which are spec ific to California - notably more rain.
Since California's distinctly parochial local newspapers have been known to publish articles about the way El Nino's have affected California in the p ast and are affecting it at the moment, James Arthur isn't being disengenuo us here but practising energetic denial.