I thought carbon piles were almost a century out of date. You could always make one from the carbon rectangles in discarded 9v batteries. Surely there are easier ways to speed control a motor though.
If you must do it old school, a salt water dimmer is far quicker to make. Sometimes dubbed a scariac.
Carbon-zinc super heavy duty, apparently. 6 lozenges stacked. Are those thick black plates carbon, or compacted battery gunk? Dunno. I'll take a stab at putting a pic on abse.
A series lampholder might do you, just pick a filament bulb to suit.
The ones I opened a few years ago were all stacked flat rectangle cells. No idea what types they were. I think usually they're whichever version you dont want.
I don't think a carbon pile would be particularly stable, especially as it heats up. You could include it in a feedback loop and use an electromagnet to vary the pressure so as to keep it stable, but that would involve some way of monitoring its resistance.
For low resistance high current purposes, big wirewound resistors with multiple tappings are the cheapest and most stable answer. They are relatively easy to construct from slate bars and resistance wire, but the tapping switch is going to be the most difficult item to design and make.
If you want to go down this route, please ask for more information. I have made several 5 kW* units as replacements in motor-starting applications, so I may be able to help.
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*Intermittent rating.
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~ Adrian Tuddenham ~
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