Raspberry PI OS Bookworm. Does it support multiple desktops/workspaces?

On 07/11/2023 03:17, 56d.1152 wrote: .....

I run freebsd on a pi4 as our main server. A little slow, but works well enough. Used to run samba (on an i386), but got rid of windows in favour of linux desktops quite a few years ago and never looked back.

A quick look at freebsd ports shows something called samba 4.13. Are you sure that's only smb1?

Maybe those go together - if you're at the forefront of development, you're necessarily in unstable times. If you prefer stability, let someone else cut themselves on the bleeding edge and you be content to follow tried and tested paths.

Horses for courses.

AFAIK Raspberry Pi OS Bookworm Lite doesn't use either X11 or Wayland

That command worked for me on a pi2/bookworm with a Wi-Fi dongle and so I try to understand it and add it to my notes. Most of it is obvious but what is the "d" for?

The jeffgeerling blog which I believe is the source of this, uses the "d" option but fails to explain it.

The redhat documentation here..

Now an embarrassing question in Linux is "t" the same as "-t"?

On other OS in the past I've seen where these would be flags with opposite setting ie. t is a flag on and -t is the same flag off. I don't think that's the case here but could well be wrong.

My best guess is that "d" is short for 'device', if so what is "c" short for?

Thanks.

Bob.

nmcli --help lists these objects in addition to other things

Usage: nmcli [OPTIONS] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }

OPTIONS -a, --ask ask for missing parameters -c, --colors auto|yes|no whether to use colors in output -e, --escape yes|no escape columns separators in values -f, --fields <field,...>|all|common specify fields to output -g, --get-values <field,...>|all|common shortcut for -m tabular -t -f -h, --help print this help -m, --mode tabular|multiline output mode -o, --overview overview mode -p, --pretty pretty output -s, --show-secrets allow displaying passwords -t, --terse terse output -v, --version show program version -w, --wait <seconds> set timeout waiting for finishing operations

OBJECT g[eneral] NetworkManager's general status and operations n[etworking] overall networking control r[adio] NetworkManager radio switches c[onnection] NetworkManager's connections d[evice] devices managed by NetworkManager a[gent] NetworkManager secret agent or polkit agent m[onitor] monitor NetworkManager changes

Brilliant.

Thanks.

The sad answer is that it depends

When a program is started and parses the commandline, depending on language/library used you get different ways but most separate options from parameters where options are prefixed with something ('-', '--', '/')

eg, using some kind of getopt lib, you could expect options to start with '-'

and parameters not being prefixed.

Then option is 1 char only, like -t or -d /dev/sda

If it is a reasonable new (gnu) getopt, it will do long options as well

--time or --device=/dev/sda

However if no library is used and the program just reads the command line, then is is whatever the programmer felt like at the time

So on the system I work on we have a cmdline-parsing lib that insists on

prefix is 1 char '-' for unix and '/' for Win + VMS (still in the lib) if first part of option is 'no' then it negates the meaning

meaning we have commands like

swap_table -name=tablename -norebuildindex or swap_table -name=tablename -rebuildindex

where -name is longer than 1 char and rebuildindex is a boolean value.

-norebuildindex does not exist in code - it is a negated -rebuildindex

I was also exploring some of the other BSDs ... Open, Dragonfly, etc. MAY be that Free CAN do at least SMB2, though SMB3 IS still better.

Anyway, let's get REAL. Yer Linux/BSD devices WILL mostly be communicating with WINDERS s*it almost exclusively. All the little NK/PRC hacks go after EVERY possible Winders weakness.

Oh, reviewing recent firwall logs, there were a huge number of attacks directed at INDUSTRIAL CONTROLLERS about a week ago. Siemens especially. All kinds of ways to attack those - indeed the CIA did exactly that to Iran about a decade ago, ruining a lot of their uranium centrifuges.

Note also, the bulk of the Australian net WENT DOWN HARD yesterday - right before the Oz PM is set to meet with Xi. No commerce, even affected trains and airlines. Don't care WHAT they officially blame it on - I'm sure Xi was sending a message ...... maybe as much as a billion-dollar message. His agents are deeply embedded, everywhere. Guess what happens in the US/EU when the Taiwan invasion starts ? :-) 'Cloud' biz sounds SO good - until there's no 'cloud'. Got a wad of CASH ? Better have ....

Kinda dinky "main server" ... I use a fast i9/gen-12 :-)

But what works for you, works. Needs/goals vary.

Alas I CANNOT get rid of the damned Winders crap. The new boss is Winders OBSESSED "Everybody uses that and nothing else" is the official opinion. Straight out of a Dilbert strip - the oblivious lead.

But I 'm retiring soon - the New Guy can deal :-) It won't be cheap or nice or even 'solid' ........ but it sure won't be MY FAULT :-)

Free MIGHT do at least SMB2 now ... but I'm not sure how much WORK/complexity is required. Open/Dragonfly and some others DID seem stuck at SMB-1 when I evaled them about a year ago. Hate it or hate it more, Winders IS what most of yer Linux/BSD/Unix servers/devices are gonna be dealing with.

That's been my working philosophy ... BUT I need safe/stable solutions to deal with today's real world issues. If I can at least get that - no spiffy bells and whistles needed - then everything's cool. Let the bleeding-edge fanatics work out their bugs.

The way the world is going we'll ALL be relying on horses and donkeys again .... :-)

Quite true. The "easy" fix, if you have a semi-decent router, is to set a "static" dhcp thing - ie a particular IP reserved for a given MAC address.

But it's "off-box" ... "ON box" is better and easier to cope with down the line.

I have one that looks at the MAC address ... and will reserve a particular IP for that MAC. But, as said above ...

"Lite" - no, definitely not.

However setting things like a static IP on 'lite', no gui tools, IS a royal pain in the ass. I provided some networkmanager templates and instructions in this group for making all that much faster and less painful.

However the next step, "Desktop", DOES have the goodies, though you have to manually install AND run as root (AND there's LOT of "junk" co-installed)

You can use "raspi-config" to set X11 or Wayland.

Didn't solve MY issue - which was HARDWARE SPECIFIC - ie something worked perfectly on a Pi3, but not a Pi4 - but I found a work-around (eventually).

Well that's an apt description of most politician...The problem is how to take back control from them. So that I can do what's best for me, not what some left wing academic sitting in an ivory tower thinks is best for me.

None of mine are. There are no windows machines on my LAN.

Then there will have to be far fewer of us.

And what's the power (watts :-}) difference I wonder?

Incidentally, freebsd is pretty reliable - I've had it run for 9 months solid or more in the past; currently at 3. I've no feeling for how reliable linux is for that sort of duration. I'd not expect windows to run that long; IMBW.

(I once had a vax/vms system still going after a year without reboot. It was only stopped because of a company Christmas shutdown. I still miss vms even with its vagaries :-) )

Rasbian lite installed here. nmtui is a text mode graphical interface for network configuration that is present. Looks like and works like raspi-config.

Don't say there's no gui for network control when there obviously is.

My (current) home linux server never 'goes down' except when there is a power cut or a kernel or complete distro upgrade.

I hope its PI4B replacement will be as reliable

I see no reason why not When we ran a shitload of Unix back in the day it never 'went down' unless someone installed prototype software on it...Windows was rebooted daily.

Never heard of nmtui before

I tried it. It didn't work. Probably because I have done things a different way already.

Some years back at Yahoo! I turned off some FreeBSD servers that had been running without a reboot for over seven years.

Doesn't work how?

It's not installed? It doesn't load or show you a menu of options? It doesn't have access to network devices?