I recently came across a discussion on Wikipedia
Someone in the discussion quoted this from the datasheet for a TV-controller-on-a-chip made by Sony:
AXIS (1): R-Y, G-Y axis selector switch
0 =3D Japan axis R-Y: 95=B0 x 0.78, G-Y: 240=B0 x 0.3
1 =3D US axis R-Y: 112=B0 x 0.83, G-Y: 252=B0 x 0.3 (B-Y: 0=B0 x 1)
I gather that the angles specified for R-Y, G-Y and B-Y (those are angles in degrees, in case the Internet eats the degree symbols) are the hues which decode to pure red, pure green and pure blue respectively ("pure red" meaning the hue for which R > G =3D B, "pure green" being the hue for which G > R =3D B, and "pure blue" being the hue for which B > R =3D G).
According to the matrix I have for converting YIQ to RGB:
R [ 1.000 0.956 0.621 ][ Y ] G =3D [ 1.000 -0.272 -0.647 ][ I ] B [ 1.000 -1.106 1.703 ][ Q ]
Pure red, green and blue should be at the following angles from the Q axis:
R-Y =3D tan-1[(-0.647 - 1.703)/(-1.106 + 0.272)] =3D 70.5 degrees G-Y =3D tan-1[( 0.621 - 1.703)/(-1.106 - 0.956)] =3D 207.7 degrees B-Y =3D tan-1[( 0.621 + 0.647)/(-0.272 - 0.956)] =3D -45.9 degrees
If we rotate these to put B-Y at the origin (the way the hues are indicated on the Sony datasheet), we get R-Y at 116.4 degrees and G-Y at 253.6 degrees. So it looks like the Sony chip set to "US axis" is very close to the NTSC specification, but when set to "Japan axis" its color axes are quite skewed--red and blue are pushed closer together, presumably so that Asian flesh tones will occupy a wider range of the spectrum.
Let's say I wanted to write a software image filter to display images the way they would appear after encoding to NTSC video and then decoding on a consumer TV set. How would I go about constructing a matrix to decode colors in a way corresponding to a TV with skewed color axes, like this Sony device in Japan mode?
Perhaps I should have asked on a maths or computer graphics newsgroup instead, but I suspect electronics people would be more likely to know what I'm talking about here. Many computer graphics people don't even know the difference between YIQ, YUV and YPbPr...