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a ****************************************************************************Andy replies:
Many toll tag systems (TIRIS, AMTECH, MARK 12,etc) use a diode across a dipole. At 915 Mhz one can get an effective RCS "change" of about 200 sq cm. However, the antenna is much smaller and much more critical at higher frequencies, which is why I didn't use the diode/dipole approach at
5.8 Ghz....When the dipole is shorted, it is a reflector. When it is open, the reflection ( or rather, re-radiation) is minimal. So opening and shorting the center of the dipole is like OOK, or , similarly, modulating the incident signal 100% with a square wave...... The TIRIS system modulates at 600Khz for a mark and 1200 Khz for a space ( or vice versa) to modulate the return, and sends data back to the illuminator/receiver to give the tag ID....
The toll tag receivers are usually HOMODYNE type. It doesn't matter to them whether the received signal is doppler shifted OR modulation sidebands are present
--- the return frequency is mixed with the illumination signal and the difference frequency comes out of the homodyne detector.....the same as either AM or FM sidebands produce.....
Anyway, I designed the TIRIS system in use in California ( Title 21) and that's how it works. The 5.8 Ghz system I designed was for Europe, because they didn't like 915 Mhz. And I used the "re-transmit" method to get a credit sized toll tag for that application. The read range of either system with a 1 watt illuminator was about 40 feet max, with a 200 sq cm RCS change.......
Regarding the Doppler shift....
If a signal is sent out, reflected from a moving car, and then detected, it will be higher than the original if moving toward the object and lower than the original if moving away.... However, in a police radar, it doesn't matter. The cop knows whether you are moving TOWARD him or moving AWAY from him, and if you are going 60 mph under either condition, the radar gun will say 60 mph......
I have NOT worked with LASER speed measuring equipment tho, so my suggestion of mechanically modulating a corner reflector is pure "blue sky" stuff. I'd like to try it, and if someone would like to lend me a lasar gun to try it, I am sure a simple experiment with a single mirror on a speaker could confirm whether or not the principle is sound........
I have found that , no matter how well thought out a design is in the lab, there is no substitute for the part of the learning curve where the equipment is first tried. Sometimes the "theory" doesn't work exactly as one thinks it does, and simple experiments with a spectrum analyzer and a signal generator lash-up, can teach a great deal. So I don't claim to have expertise in LASAR equipment, but I really bet it works pretty much the same as 915 Mhz RF stuff.....
Come to think of it, can anyone suggest where I can get a schematic of a LASAR gun so I can see how it works ?
Andy (retired from Texas Instruments)