Ya you just run embedded Linux on the thing and write your code in C++ and run it in a managed environment, and process the audio stream the same way you would in software in realtime on an x86 laptop being fed digital audio from the HDMI input.
It's done all the time in many commercial products, it ain't rocket surgery.
Real (i.e. hard) real time is a different story though. A multicore Cortex or an entirely separate dedicated processor makes life a lot easier.
Cheers
Phil Hobbs
--
Dr Philip C D Hobbs
Principal Consultant
ElectroOptical Innovations LLC
Optics, Electro-optics, Photonics, Analog Electronics
160 North State Road #203
Briarcliff Manor NY 10510
hobbs at electrooptical dot net
http://electrooptical.net
Yup, with a lot of e.g. music production hardware like sampling workstations, beat machines etc. latency is something the user is expected to accept as a cost of doing business in extreme situations. If you push them hard and try to stack too many CPU-intensive DSP effects on an audio track they'll start lagging and dropping out (at least the cheaper models will.)
The "real time" constraint is somewhere in between "hard" real time and not. "Eh whaddya want for 300 bucks."
Circa mid 1990s it was normal for e.g. a rackmount audio sampler to have say a 68000-series CPU for managing the UI and mass storage and a dedicated DSP, like an AD Sharc or something to do the realtime resampling/pitch-shifting and effects. No way a 20 MHz 68000 from 1992 could accomplish the number-crunching required to pitch shift 64 mono
44.1kHz 16 bit audio streams simultaneously, but hardware that could do that was certainly commercially available.
Now you can get a quad core 1GHz general purpose processor for ~ 15 bucks, so at the low end of digital audio equipment the trend is to integrate it all.
The Akai S1000 rack sampler from around 1990 is still highly regarded because it was one of the few 16 bit hardware audio samplers that had a dedicated ASIC for resampling which used sinc interpolation, later models from them and other manufacturers AFAIK mainly used linear interpolation to cut DSP cost
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