In transformers, the induced current by-passes the inductance. A current flowing through the primary that is cancelled by a matching (same number of ampere turns) current in the secondaries doesn't generate any back EMF so it isn't limited by the inductance of any of the coils.
The fact that the primary-secondary couplng isn't perfect does impose an upper limit in practice but a couple of 0.99 or better isn't unknown.
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That link does give the transformer equation, but doesn't bother with M=k .Sqr-root(L1.L2) where k is the coupling coefficient which can be anywhere from 0 to almost one. 0.99 to 0.999 is pretty typical.