Analog dynamic range, accuracy and number of bits

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^^^^^^^^^^ monotonic, though that is rather boring.

Spell checkers canbestupid.

It makes a big difference when you average, integrate, or both. As for motor or electronic loads, just pay attention to the difference between W and VA with or without scaling prefixes. The abrupt popularity of PFC circuits is due to new regulations about harmonics introduction from the served loads (see CFL lamps which must include PFC).

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Signed? Really? I don't think so. Just for fun i checked wikipedia, is reasonably good on this point.

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You are conflating phase sign conventions with the unsigned PF value.

Not in the least applicable to real measurements. The definition is what it is. Your wishing it otherwise to support your position is foolish.

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It is pretty simple John Larkin, You tried to say that PF is signed, wikipedia, and its cited sources all disagree with that. The NEC (NFPA

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Not arguing with that, arguing over whether that is a signed quantity, which cannot be from the definition.

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But that is NOT part of the standard definition of power factor. See NFPA

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John Larkin is NOT someone to defer to in power distribution in anything bigger than a VME box. Not that he wrong, but that he is NOT expert in that field. I blow his doors off and i do not consider myself all that expert in spite of having dealt with designs for 480 V, 2 MVA systems,

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Don't forget to check out the TALK page on Wikipedia. There is certainly a LOT of talk about this very subject there too.

Some of it comes down to be Leading/Lagging rather than + and - and whether "power" can flow from a source and back into a source.

Also talked about are various power meters that DO show + and - PF readings.

boB

Is COS(theta) signed?

You can make an inductor, but not an LC transmission line. On-chip wires are all RC.

Cheers

Phil Hobbs

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If you can look at it many times, it isn't so hard. This one is sort of a klystron type thing using an electron gun to make the ions--you tickle the trap with a chirp, and different charge/mass ratios come out at different times. They fiddled with it to make it work, and have sold quite a few of them, but don't have a warm fuzzy feeling about why it works or how to make it better.

Cheers

Phil Hobbs

Dr. H. Paul Shuch wrote that he avoids using the expression "voltage" to differentiate between parameters and units of measure. He says that the parameter EMF (electric potential) is measured in the unit volt.

Sounded good to me, so I once tried displaying "EMF = xxx volts" on an LCD. They said no way. Show it as "Voltage = xxx volts".

No. Just very low inductance... in the fractional nH range. And some processes have _fully_characterized_ spiral inductors in the 4-10nH range

...Jim Thompson

EMF is a stupid term anyway. It doesn't have the units of a force, for a start, and force is far more closely related to E field than to voltage.

'Potential' is more sensible, but its common use as a vague vernacular term makes it unsuitable, e.g. "Wow, this circuit has a great deal of potential." 'Voltage' is the best term on offer.

Cheers

Phil Hobbs

I used to be an RF guy in a previous life, so I know about on-chip inductors.

You're talking inductors, and I'm talking _transmission_lines_, because we started with wave propagation and Fourier transform sign conventions. Show me an LC transmission line on a chip, any chip.

Cheers

Phil Hobbs

I'm puzzling over what point you're trying to make. There's certainly inductance there, it's just swamped by the resistive term. ...Jim Thompson

There are some distributed-amplifier chips that do have on-chip delay lines. Some of the e/o modulator drivers make 8 volts p-p outputs from LF to 40 GHz.

They are rare, but a few exist. Here's one:

We've used similar, Hittite chips as eom drivers. They are expensive and tricky to bias and kind of fragile.