Hello, Just look.
The theorem of magnetic shells by Gauss predicts a uniform magnetic field across the diameter of a solenoid. Measurement shows this to be false. The field is higher near the windings.
That means that Ampere's circuital law is wrong
That means Maxwells Equations are wrong.
Gauss knew this and stated that we should not query his theorem because it was "perfect" like a circle. And because the nice neat elecromagnetic theory that built up round it everything was beautiful.
The Biot-Savart hypothesis came up which was found to give a different result. Well it was only a hypothesis.
And another result is the force of repulsion between two conductors carrying like currents. This is the result of relative motion of the electrons and the fixed charges and is electrotatic in nature and needs to "magnetic field" it is a consequence of the special theory of relativity. Thus, using Occums razor we cut out the model of magnetism. There is no magnetism. Forget magnetism it is a misconseption.
We have to use a different model and simple things like motors may be redesigned using a ferrite or a high permittivity material like Barium Titanate. This stuff only needs to be between the conductors of the amature and stator the rest can be made of plastic. The force is between the conductors only. There are no "Magnets". A bar "magnet" is the result of cooperating electron spin. And there are organic materials which have unpaired electrons and these could be made in to lightweight ferrites if you get the spacing right.
And there are other things that need recalculating, like inductance, it is a phenomina that is not the result of magnetism, but some kind of elecrostatic interaction between lengths of wire carrying a current. For alternating current it must be acting in some regenerative way. We have to find a way of modelling the inductance and back emf without magnetism because although it works the way we have it, the measured inductance is always higher than the calculated inductance. This is because of the rising field near the windings. I think it is to do with photons.
I put this in as a spade in the beautiful structure of electromagnetism.
Chris.