Krystallet i en elektronisk lighter.

Hej Ole

Det vil du sikkert kunne.

Krystallet vil sikkert svinge med en hørbar frekvens.

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Prøv det øverste kredsløb - i stedet for 2N3904 kan du anvende: BC547, BC548, BC549, BC550, BC172, BC173, BC108 (basis i midten)

2N2219, 2N3904, 2N2222 (kollektor i midten)

- eller andre NPN transistorer.

Juster evt. R1 så UR2 er ca. 6V (4-8V er fint). C1 og C2 skal have øget deres værdier med samme faktor; f.eks. 10, 100,...:

Crystal Oscillators:

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CMOS oscillator baseret på 4049UB (3-15V):

Application Note 340 HCMOS [også fint til standard CMOS] Crystal Oscillators:

Crystal 32.768KHz CMOS Oscillator:

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Introduction to Fundamental Crystal Oscillators This side will explain some different Crystal Oscillators:

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Eksempler på bemærkelsesværdige piezo-elektriske anvendelser:

50 Years of Piezoelectric Transformers. Trends in the Technology: Citat: "... These devices are typically manufactured using piezoelectric ceramic materials that vibrate in resonance. ... Today's, PTs [Piezoelectric Transformers] are used for backlighting LCD displays in notebook computers, PDAs, and other handheld devices. ... Soon (if not already), this technology will become a serious candidate for replacing the magnetic transformers in cost-sensitive applications. ... Transoner laminated radial PT has been demonstrated as the most promising technology for achieving high power levels. Higher powers than 100W, with power densities in the range of 30-40 W/cm2 have been demonstrated. Micro-PTs are currently being developed with sizes of less than 5mm diameter and 1mm thickness allowing up to 0.5W power transfer and up to 50 times gain. ..."

Twitching Transformers by Alfredo Vazquez Carazo:

Citat: "... The heavy adapters required by all kinds of battery-operated equipment are about to go the way of the vacuum tube, being replaced by lightweight and compact solid-state devices. ... For laptop computers, the extreme application, the voltage step-up is from 18 to 1,000 volts. ... Piezoelectric components are widespread but largely unknown in modern society. Ultrasonic (that is, piezoelectric) motors, for example, are essential to the function of many point-and-shoot cameras; piezoelectric actuators are used in ink-jet printers; and piezoelectric filters are used in spread-spectrum cordless phones [see "Secret Spreading" in The World & I, April 2003] and digital audio equipment. ... Rosen's approach involved using a single rectangular block of PZT polycrystalline ceramic comprising two distinct polarization zones. Rosen created the two zones by applying different polarizing voltages to the halves of the block. ... Several attempts at using piezo transformers as igniters were reported. ... The power density demonstrated for these piezo transformers exceeds 30 W per cubic centimeter (cm3), roughly six times more than similar magnetic transformers, and is expected to pass the 40 W/cm3 benchmark in the near future. ..."

Piezo Electric Gyroscope:

4 Cylinder Gas Powered Engine: Citat: "... As with all our gas powered engines it has a *Piezo* ignition system. ..."

Piezoelectric Crystals - Ignitor from Lighter 1:

Piezoelectric Crystals - Rochelle Salt Crystal 1;

An accelerometer made from a lighter:

Seismic detector:

Citat: "... The piezoelectric element of a kitchen gas lighter is used in this simple, yet effective seismic detector. ... The whole box is acoustically and electromagnetically screened. ..."

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Lidt andet:

Citat: "... The Uncompahgre Ute Indians from central Colorado are one of the first documented groups of people in the world known to utilize the effect of

*mechanoluminescence* through the use of quartz crystals to generate light, likely hundreds of years before the modern world recognized the phenomenon. The Ute constructed special ceremonial rattles made from buffalo rawhide which they filled with clear quartz crystals collected from the mountains of Colorado and Utah. When the rattles were shaken at night during ceremonies, the friction and mechanical stress of the quartz crystals impacting together produced flashes of light which partly shone through the translucent buffalo hide. ..."

hilsen

Glenn

...

Hej Ole

2N2219, 2N3904, 2N2222 har også basis i midten!:

hilsen

Glenn