how can i save a sattelite or tv remote control on a microcontroller?

Not a specific frequency, but a bit pattern. Look at

for some of the protocols. In general, the bit stream modulates a subcarrier, around 40 KHz, which modulates the infrafred. There are inexpensive modules containing a photodiode, a demodulator and a standard ttl-level serial interface. Look at places like Digi-Key.

I believe you are over-thinking the problem. This has been done hundreds of times before.