I am wearing a Casio radio watch that automatically syncs to DCF77
I also have a Rubidium 10 MHz reference generator from ebay.
I think maybe use a 10 MHz piezo mounted against the watch as detector? There are several piezo sensors for that frequency, From:
Or maybe you can just pick up the watch's 10 MHz oscillator with a small antenna close to the watch,
Check / try with your shortwave radio on SSB with local oscillator should hear a tone. Then build a small RF 10 Mhz tuned amplifer?