Heavier wire will certainly help. #20awg is 0.010 ohms/ft. 30ft of cable is 60ft of wire or 0.6 ohms. At 0.5A, the loss is now only
0.3V. The USB dongle should work at 4.7V.For long USB cable runs, I use CAT5e instead of the official USB cable. One pair for data, and the other 3 pairs in parallel for power. There are adapters available that make it easy: I also use CAT5e for security camera CCTV video with a balun:
I forgot to mumble something about the propagation delays. This article explains the problem: