real to signed

Start with modulo arithmetic.

You will need to know magnitude width and fraction width as you will be generating a fixed point decimal. Magnitude width (MW) can be done by taking log2(limit) and adding 1 (to account for the sign bit). Fraction width (FW) is then bw-MW.

Then you scale the result by 2**FW and convert it to an integer (which then gives you your signed number). Remember Integer(my_real) always rounds to nearest. If you dont want to round to nearest, you have to write a function that rounds to zero, otherwise removing the LSBs will always round down. (towards 0 for

I don't understand this.

What do you mean by scaling?

If it is only about converting from real to signed, then first convert the real to integer, and then to signed with the to_signed function from ieee.numeric_std.

Something like this:

LIBRARY ieee; USE ieee.numeric_std.ALL; ... FUNCTION real2signed ( r: real; return_width: positive ) RETURN signed IS BEGIN RETURN to_signed(integer(r), return_width); END FUNCTION real2signed;

PS. None of this is synthesisable, as it bases all working on reals, which you cannot synthesise in any way. Reals are only allowed to create constants (which then have to be of a synthesizable type).

If you are trying now to synthesize your sine wave generator, you are going about it the wrong way.

I dont want to synthesize this.

MW and FW of output real changes with change in amplitude. What is 'limit'?

Start with understanding what a real is:

bye Thomas

You are ignoring what the MW and FW lengths of the real are, because it uses neither. For a real, which is floating point, its not magnitude and fraction widths, its mantissa and exponent. You are specified what YOU want the real to fit in to. You are making a FIXED POINT decimal value, so MW and FW never change. for example:

from 3 to -3

you need MW = 3 (1 sign bit an 1 other bit) FW = how ever many you want. each bit represets 2^-n (with n=0 to the left of the imaginary point)

so 0.75 is represended by: 000.1100000 = 2^-1 (0.5) + 2^-2 (0.25)

-1.75 = 110.01111111 (invert all bits and add one to number above) etc etc All values are 2s compliment, and can then be used in any standard adder, multiplier etc on firmware. Just make sure you use the correct bits of the result:

a 2.6 number x 6.2 number = 8.8 result

a a . a a a a a a b b b b b b . b b = r r r r r r r r . r r r r r r r r

Thanks a bunch. Your explaination really helped.