Aligning symbols with IDELAY / ISERDES in Xilinx 7-series devices.

Hi,

I'm working in Artix-7 and I've got a workable way to adjust the bitslip an d IDELAY tap settings to lock onto an incoming TMDS encoded stream, but is there a better way?

Currently I count the symbol error rate on the link, and if the rate of bad symbols is greater than 1:2^20 I then move on to a higher delay tap settin g.

If the delay's tap setting wraps I also assert bitslip input on on the ISER DES for a cycle, allowing me to try a different alignment.

It works well enough in practice but seems ungainly, and has a few problems lurking under the covers - if the error rate is very close to 1:2^32 it wi ll never lock, and a second problem is that it might decide to stick with a n IDELAY that is marginal (e.g. has errors but less than one in a million), without discovering that a better setting could be one tap away.

And not so much a problem for video but if it does get errors it can take a while to come back into sync (7M symbols or so)

The 7-series I/O Resource User Guide is very good at telling you what is th ere for you to use, but not how best to do it - any suggests would be grat efully accepted!

Mike

PS. Code is at

formatting link

locking if you want a look at it.

Hi Mike,

I always use 2 independent types of alignment: Bit- and Word alignment.

In first case I ensure that I sample the data as close as possible in the middle of the data eye. This can be performed by example of using 2 delays for one data lane with an variable offset between them.

Lets say you have a M-delay and a S-Delay for your data lane (for example you can use IBUFDS_DIFF_OUT buffers on Artix 7 devices when using LVDS). M is at step n and S will be oscillated about amount of shifts, lets say 2 (this depends on the tap width and the width of the open data eye). So S will have the tap values n+2 -> n-2 -> n+2 -> n-2 and so on. Now you compare your data between M and S. When they are equal you sample in the middle of the data eye and everything is fine. When not you have to tap M in the opposite direction until the data is equal.

I like this technique, because the bit alignment is performed in real time, which ensures that the link is up in every case (for example voltage or temperature can change).

When this works you have the most technical part of alignment done. To implement word alignment, you have to know some known symbols in your data stream. When you find them, everything is good, when not you have to perform bitslips until you get them.

Nice regards, Tobias