Scottish inventions

Road Transport Innovations a.. A steam car (steam engine): William Murdoch (1754-1839) b.. Macadam roads: John Loudon McAdam (1756-1836) c.. Driving on the left: Determined by a Scottish-inspired Act of Parliament in 1772 d.. The pedal bicycle: Kirkpatrick Macmillan (1813-1878) e.. The pneumatic tyre: Robert William Thomson (1822-1873) and John Boyd Dunlop (1840-1921) f.. The overhead valve engine: David Dunbar Buick (1854-1929) g.. The speedometer: Sir Keith Elphinstone (1864-1944) h.. The motor lorry: John Yule in 1870 i.. The steam tricycle: Andrew Lawson in 1895 Civil Engineering Innovations Bridges a.. Bridge design: Sir William Arrol (1838-1913), Thomas Telford (1757-1834) & John Rennie (1761-1821) b.. Suspension bridge improvements: Sir Samuel Brown (1776-1852) c.. Tubular steel: Sir William Fairbairn (1789-1874) Canals & Docks a.. Canal design: Thomas Telford (1757-1834) b.. Dock design: John Rennie (1761-1821) c.. The patent slip for docking vessels: Thomas Morton (1781-1832) d.. Crane design: James Bremner (1784-1856) Lighthouses a.. Lighthouse design: Robert Stevenson (1772-1850) b.. The Drummond Light: Thomas Drummond (1797-1840) Power Innovations a.. Steam engine improvements: James Watt (1736-1819) b.. Coal-gas lighting: William Murdock (1754-1839) c.. The Stirling heat engine: Rev. Robert Stirling (1790-1878) d.. Electro-magnetic innovations: James Clerk Maxwell (1831-79) e.. Carbon brushes for dynamos: George Forbes (1849-1936) f.. The Clark cycle gas engine: Sir Dugald Clark (1854-1932) g.. Wireless transformer improvements: Sir James Swinburne (1858-1958) h.. Cloud chamber recording of atoms: Charles T. R. Wilson (1869-1959) i.. Wave-powered electricity generator: Stephen Salter in 1977 Shipbuilding Innovations a.. The steamship paddle wheel: Patrick Miller (1731-1815) b.. The steam boat: William Symington (1763-1831) c.. Europe's first passenger steamboat: Henry Bell (1767-1830) d.. The first iron-hulled steamship: Sir William Fairbairn (1789-1874) e.. The first practical screw propeller: Robert Wilson (1803-1882) f.. Marine engine innovations: James Howden (1832-1913) Other Scottish shipbuilding firsts: a.. The first all-steel ship b.. The first steel ship to cross the Atlantic c.. The first paddle steamer to cross the Atlantic d.. The first ship to cross the Atlantic in less than a week e.. The first all-welded ship f.. The first merchant ship to run on oil g.. The first set of triple-expansion engines for a twin-screw steamer h.. The first ship to be fitted with two engines i.. The first steam whaler Heavy Industry Innovations a.. The carronade cannon: Robert Melville (1723-1809) b.. Making cast steel from wrought iron: David Mushet (1772-1847) c.. Wrought iron sash bars for glass houses: John C. Loudon (1783-1865) d.. The hot blast oven: James Beaumont Neilson (1792-1865) e.. The steam hammer: James Nasmyth (1808-1890) f.. Wire rope: Robert Stirling Newall (1812-1889) g.. Steam engine improvements: William Mcnaught (1831-1881) h.. The Fairlie, a Narrow gauge, double-bogey railway engine: Robert Francis Fairlie (1831-1885) Agricultural Innovations a.. Threshing machine improvements: James Meikle (c.1690-c.1780) & Andrew Meikle (1719-1811) b.. Hollow pipe drainage: Sir Hugh Dalrymple, Lord Drummore (1700-1753) c.. The Scotch Plough: James Anderson of Hermiston (1739-1808) d.. Deanstonisation soil-drainage system: James Smith (1789-1850) e.. The mechanical reaping machine: Rev. Patrick Bell (1799-1869) f.. The Fresno Scraper: James Porteous (1848-1922) g.. The Tuley tree shelter: Graham Tuley in 1979 Communication Innovations a.. Print stereotyping: William Ged (1690-1749) b.. The balloon post: John Anderson (1726-1796) c.. The adhesive postage stamp and the postmark: James Chalmers (1782-1853) d.. The post office e.. The mail-van service f.. Universal Standard Time: Sir Sandford Fleming (1827-1915) g.. Light signalling between ships: Admiral Philip H. Colomb (1831-1899) h.. The telephone: Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922) i.. The teleprinter: Frederick G. Creed (1871-1957) j.. The television: John Logie Baird (1888-1946) k.. Radar: Robert Watson-Watt (1892-1973) Some Scottish publishing firsts: a.. The first book translated from English into a foreign language b.. The first edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1768-81) c.. The first English textbook on surgery (1597) d.. The first modern pharmacopaedia, the Materia Medica Catalogue (1776) e.. The first textbook on Newtonian science f.. The first colour newspaper advertisement g.. The first postcards and picture postcards in the UK Scientific innovations a.. Logarithms: John Napier (1550-1617) b.. Popularising the decimal point: John Napier (1550-1617) c.. The Gregorian telescope: James Gregory (1638-1675) d.. The concept of latent heat: Joseph Black (1728-1799) e.. The pyroscope, atmometer and aethrioscope scientific instruments: Sir John Leslie (1766-1832) f.. Identifying the nucleus in living cells: Robert Browen (1773-1858) g.. Hypnosis: James Braid (1795-1860) h.. Colloid chemistry: Thomas Graham (1805-1869) i.. The kelvin SI unit of temperature: William Thompson, Lord Kelvin (1824-1907) j.. Devising the diagramatic system of representing chemical bonds: Alexander Crum Brown (1838-1922) k.. Criminal fingerprinting: Henry Faulds (1843-1930) l.. The noble gases: Sir William Ramsay (1852-1916) m.. Pioneering work on nutrition and poverty: John Boyd Orr (1880-1971) n.. The ultrasound scanner: Ian Donald (1910-1987) o.. Ferrocene synthetic substances: Peter Ludwig Pauson in 1955 p.. The MRI body scanner: John Mallard in 1980 q.. The first cloned mammal (Dolly the Sheep): The Roslin Institute research centre in 1996 Medical Innovations a.. Devising the cure for scurvy: James Lind (1716-1794) b.. Discovering quinine as the cure for malaria: George Cleghorn (1716-1794) c.. Pioneering the use of surgical anaesthesia: Sir James Young Simpson (1811-1870) d.. The hypodermic syringe: Alexander Wood (1817-1884) e.. Pioneering the use of antiseptics: Joseph Lister (1827-1912) f.. Identifying the mosquito as the carrier of malaria: Sir Ronald Ross (1857-1932) g.. Identifying the cause of brucellosis: Sir David Bruce (1855-1931) h.. Discovering the vaccine for typhoid fever: Sir William B. Leishman (1865-1926) i.. Discovering insulin: John J R Macleod (1876-1935) with others j.. Penicillin: Sir Alexander Fleming (1881-1955) k.. Discovering an effective tuberculosis treatment: Sir John Crofton in the 1950s l.. Developing the first beta-blocker drugs: Sir James W. Black in 1964 m.. Glasgow Coma Scale: Graham Teasdale and Bryan J. Jennett (1974) Household Innovations a.. The piano with footpedals: John Broadwood (1732-1812) b.. The waterproof macintosh: Charles Macintosh (1766-1843) c.. Marmalade: James Keiller (1775-1839) d.. The kaleidoscope: Sir David Brewster (1781-1868) e.. The modern lawnmower: Alexander Shanks (1801-1845) f.. The Lucifer friction match: Sir Isaac Holden (1807-1897) g.. Paraffin: James Young (1811-1883) h.. The fountain pen: Robert Thomson (1822-1873) i.. The vacuum flask: Sir James Dewar (1847-1932) j.. Cotton-reel thread: J & J Clark of Paisley k.. Marmalade with peel: James Robertson in 1850 l.. Cornflour: John Polson in 1854 m.. Lime Cordial: Lachlan Rose in 1867 n.. Bovril beef extract: John Lawson Johnston in 1874

Ain't tooooooo many wimmin in there!!

--
"First they ignore you, then they ridicule you, then they fight you, then
you win." - Mahatma Gandhi
Reply to
MCP
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In soc.men, MCP flippantly asserted...

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ir

n

Why even compose such a list if you're going to leave out the most importan= t Scottish=20 invention? KILTS!!!!!!!

And you forgot Scottish Fold cats. Nobody *invented* them... but they're fr= om there, ya know. =20

--=20 DR

Hell awaits - exert brevity

Ta mere suce des bites en enfer!

What amazes me is the sheer number of inadequate males. Even more surprisin= g is how they can congregate on soc.men and claim superiority. They're duds, = misfits, throw- backs, but won't face up to it. - Jim Thompson

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Reply to
Darling Regan

Why even compose such a list if you're going to leave out the most important Scottish invention? KILTS!!!!!!!

And you forgot Scottish Fold cats. Nobody *invented* them... but they're from there, ya know.

Well you would know ALL about cats, since they are the feminists ONLY friends!! :-) And kilts were NOT an invention, Dumbo Ratbag!!

--
DR

Hell awaits - exert brevity

Ta mere suce des bites en enfer!

What amazes me is the sheer number of inadequate males. Even more surprising
is how they can congregate on soc.men and claim superiority. They're duds, 
misfits, throw-
backs, but won't face up to it. - Jim Thompson


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http://www.evilbible.com/

http://www.paladin-press.com/

http://www.clubit.com/
Reply to
MCP

In soc.men, MCP flippantly asserted...

oyd

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3)
99)
76)

=20

)
1)

on

ss

n

in

64

ant=20

=20

No, I prefer dogs.

Surely they were designed by SOMEBODY. That's the same as an invention, dol= t. =20

--=20 DR

Hell awaits - exert brevity

Ta mere suce des bites en enfer!

What amazes me is the sheer number of inadequate males. Even more surprisin= g is how they can congregate on soc.men and claim superiority. They're duds, = misfits, throw- backs, but won't face up to it. - Jim Thompson

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Reply to
Darling Regan

A dumbo would be someone who recycles the myth that a Scotsman invented television.

I am sure the guys in the sister group sci.electronic.design will be glad to disabuse you

Philo Taylor Farnsworth from Kansas invented the TV.

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They were invented by an *Englishman* actually.

He neither knows his own history nor the origins of his clothing.

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Contemporary histories of the small kilt (the philabeg) claim that the kilt was invented by Englishmen.

The following quotation puts matters succinctly:

?The precise origin of the kilt has been a source of some controversy. In so far as it has been discussed at all during the 18th century, it was generally accepted to have been devised by an Englishman named Rawlinson who worked in Lochaber in the 1720s.

Many subsequent (non-contemporary) writers have disputed this, although no reliable evidence of the kilt?s use prior to the early

18th century has surfaced, and it is hard to escape the impression that there would not be an argument at all had the supposed inventor not been an Englishman.?

Stuart Reid, Highland Clansman 1689 ? 1746, Osprey Warrior series

>
Reply to
cyclops

Get your facts right before spouting off, Cycleshit!

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Reply to
MCP

Your link about says it all. John Logie Baird, of Great Britain, has his place in history as one of the champions of the development of mechanical television. Known as an idea-rich inventor, John Logie Baird was said to have had trouble changing a fuses by himself, but had a flair for publicity.

Nothing there about him inventing the modern television.

OTOH

The credit as to who was the inventor of modern television really comes down to two different people in two different places both working on the same problem at about the same time: Vladimir Kosma Zworykin, a Russian-born American inventor working for Westinghouse, and Philo Taylor Farnsworth, a privately backed farm boy from the state of Utah.

Reply to
cyclops

Yap! Yap! Yip! Whiiiiine! Yap! Yip! Whiiiiine! Yap! Yip! Whiiiiine!

*DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL* *DROOL*

For fucks sake, Cycleturd....television wasn't invented as a HD 32" Widescreen Digital unit, IT HAD TO START AS A VERY SIMPLE SYSTEM that's what "INVENTION" means, what f****ng dumbass school did you go to? Ha Ha Ha Ha

Reply to
MCP

Now that is a convincing argument.

Still the facts remain that the kilt was invented by an Englishman and that Baird did not invent the modern television or anything else.

One with a better definition of invention than that monstrosity of yours.

Zworykin is usually credited as being the father of modern television. This was because the patent for the heart of the TV, the electron scanning tube, was first applied for by Zworykin in 1923, under the name of an iconoscope. The iconoscope was an electronic image scanner - essentially a primitive television camera.

They may still have mechanical TVs in your neck of the woods , the rest of us have electronic ones.

Farnsworth?s high school science teacher was subpoenaed and traveled to Washington to testify that as a 14 year old, Farnsworth had shared his ideas of his television scanning tube with his teacher.

now *that's* that's an inventor.

Baird was not ,he was simply the first to demonstrate a crude device publically.

He didn't invent anything.

Reply to
cyclops

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PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK LAME LAME PORK PORKPORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK LAME LAME PORK PORKPORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK LAME LAME PORK PORKPORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK LAME LAME PORK PORKVPORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK LAME LAME PORK PORKPORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK LAME LAME PORK PORKPORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK LAME LAME PORK PORKPORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK LAME LAME PORK PORKPORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK LAME LAME PORK PORKPORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK LAME LAME PORK PORKPORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK LAME LAME PORK PORKPORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK LAME LAME PORK PORKPORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK PORK 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LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME JLAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J YOU SUCK LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J VLAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J YOU SUCK LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J MONTRIL IS LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J VLAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME LAME J

Reply to
MCP

Like Marconi.

Reply to
Homer J Simpson

Indeed Baird was by no means the worst scoundrel in the sometimes sordid history of electronics, nor was he the first.

Genius or Fraud?

Several of these technical visionaries had formed partnerships with businessmen of questionable character - men more interested in making a killing in wireless stock speculation than in building successful companies.

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In addition, A. Frederick Collins was charged with giving a fraudulent demonstration of his wireless telephone on Oct. 14, 1909 at the Electrical Show in Madison Square Garden, New York, for the purpose of selling stock in the Collins Wireless Telephone Co.

It was developed at the trial that the four Collins officers had claimed in their prospectus that the Collins wireless telephone had been perfected to such an extent that in a community equipped with it, any two subscribers could talk to each other with total exclusion of all other subscribers, that the Collins wireless telephone would do away with all central exchanges.

the necessity for wire lines, etc, that an automobile so equipped would be in constant touch with a garage so as not to be stranded in case of trouble, that because of the lower cost of the wireless telephone, with no wires needed, the telephone and telegraph systems would soon be put out of business and that the demand for the equipment would increase so rapidly that the stock price would quickly increase. here to see an example of these claims.

Four officers were convicted on all five counts. Three were fined and sentenced on January 10. 1913. to prison terms of up to four years. This was the end of the Continental Wireless Tel. & Tel. Co.

Reply to
cyclops

I supose your are NOW going to tell me that EB is wrong as well you f****ng lunatic!!

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Reply to
MCP

Scottish engineer, the first man to televise pictures of objects in motion.

It says nothing there about inventing the television.

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Another player of the times was John Logie Baird, a Scottish engineer and entrepreneur who 'achieved his first transmissions of simple face shapes in 1924 using mechanical television. On March 25, 1925, Baird held his first public demonstration of 'television' at the London department store Selfridges on Oxford Street in London. In this demonstration, he had not yet obtained adequate half-tones in the moving pictures, and only silhouettes were visible.' - MZTV

Reply to
cyclops

Ha Ha Ha!! did the Wright Brothers INVENT the Jumbo Jet??? what a loony.

Reply to
MCP

I remember when TV first came to New Zealand a report in the city paper saying that some 'businessman' had an antenna that could pick up signals from the UK, and was looking for $60,000 for his invention. I knew immediately that he was a crook because if he had such a thing it would have been worth $ millions more.

Reply to
Homer J Simpson

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Philo Taylor Farnsworth (August 19, 1906 ? March 11, 1971) was an American inventor best known for being the first person to demonstrate and patent a working electronic television system, a system which still serves as the basis for the current cathode ray tube television devices. He also invented the Fusor, a small fusion device. Philo Farnsworth died from pneumonia in 1971 at the age of 64.Contents History

Farnsworth made the world's first working television system with electronic scanning of both the pickup and display devices, which he first demonstrated to news media in 1928, and to the public at the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia on August 25, 1934.

In 1930, after a visit to Farnsworth's laboratory, Vladimir Zworykin copied this apparatus for RCA. Key aspects of Farnsworth's 1930 camera and receiver designs remain in use today.

You are just running away from your ridiculous claim that the kilt wasn't invented and the even more horrific fact it was invented by an Englishman

No , no more than they invented the airplane.

First flying machine

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Claims to first flight by date

Pre-19th Century Anonymous, Chang'an, according to the earliest reference the first human in the air with feathery wings ? 19 [1]

Zhuge Liang, invented the Kongming lantern, which was the first hot air balloon. ? 2or3rd century.

Yuan Huangtou, Ye, first manned kite glide to take off from a tower ?

559 [2]

Armen Firman, Al-Andalus, first parachute flight ? 852

Abbas Ibn Firnas, Al-Andalus, first scientific attempt at glide ? 875

Eilmer of Malmesbury, a monk who flew a glider from an Abbey in the early 11th Century

Lagari Hasan Çelebi, Istanbul, Turkey, first rocket flight; 17th Century

Hezarfen Ahmet Celebi, Istanbul, Turkey, first fully successful manned glider flight; 17th Century

John Childs, Boston, Massachusetts, first known flight in America; September 13-14, 1757

19th Century Hans Andreas Navrestad, Norway ? 1825 allegedly flew manned glider

John Stringfellow, England ? 1848 first heavier than air powered flight (unmanned)

George Cayley, England ? first Western human glide 1853

Jean-Marie Le Bris, France, flight in 1856 Jean-Marie Le Bris was the first to fly higher than his point of departure, by having his glider pulled by a horse on a beach, against the wind.

Jan Wnek, Poland ? controlled flights 1866 - 1869. Jan Wnek controlled his glider by twisting the wing's trailing edge via strings attached to stirrups at his feet.[1] Church records only.

Félix du Temple de la Croix, France, 1874 Félix du Temple accomplished in 1874 the first take-off ever of a manned and powered aircraft, resulting in a brief flight, also sometimes described as a short "hop".

Alexander Feodorovich Mozhaiski, Russian Empire ? 1884 Mozhaiski was developing concepts for heavier-than-air flight 20 years before the Wright brothers' first flight. In 1884, in Krasnoye Selo Mozhaiski's monoplane design made what is now considered to be a power assisted take off or 'hop' of 60-100 feet (20-30 meters).

Clement Ader, France ? October 9, 1890 In 1890 the Frenchman Clément Ader is said to have made the first manned, powered, heavier-than-air flight of a significant distance (50 meters) in his bat-winged monoplane. The event was not publicized until many years later, as it had been a military secret. According to other reports, the French military said he also flew 300 metres at a later date in a different machine. The events were poorly documented, the aeroplane not well controlled, and there was no further development.

Otto Lilienthal, Germany ? 1891 The German "Glider King" was a pioneer of human aviation?the first person to make controlled untethered glides repeatedly and the first to be photographed flying a heavier than air machine. He made about

2,000 glides until his death August 10, 1896 from injuries in a glider crash the day before.

Hiram Stevens Maxim, United Kingdom ? 1894 The American inventor of the machine gun built a very large flying machine that ran on a track and was propelled by powerful twin steam engines. Machine lifted from the track and was restrained by a safety mechanism; it fell back and crashed.

Percy Pilcher, United Kingdom ? 1899 Inventor and pioneer aviator who could well have become the first person to achieve controlled, powered, heavier-than-air flight, had he survived to make the attempt.

Augustus Moore Herring, United States ? 1899 Attached a compressed air motor to a biplane hang glider and flew about 70 feet.

20th Century Dr Wilhelm Kress, Austria ? 1901 Tested tandem monoplane seaplane, similar to Samuel Langley, which made brief airborne hops but could not sustain itself. Gustave Whitehead, United States ? August 14, 1901

First publicized account of a flight by an aeroplane heavier than air propelled by its own motor. Reports were published in the New York Herald, and the Bridgeport (CT) Herald. The event was reportedly witnessed by several people, one of them a reporter for the Bridgeport Herald. Children and youngsters who were present signed affidavits about 30 years later about what they saw. Reports said he started on the wheels from a flat surface, flew 800 meters at 15 meter height, and landed softly on the wheels.

Lyman Gilmore, United States ? May 15, 1902 Gilmore reportedly became the first person to fly a powered aircraft (a steam-powered glider). Several people saw him accomplish this. Richard Pearse, New Zealand ? March 31, 1903 Several people witnessed Pearse make "hops" including one on this date of over 100 feet in a high-wing tricycle undercarriage monoplane powered by a 15hp air-cooled horizontally-opposed engine. Usually considered uncontrolled flight, since Pearse's lateral and pitch controls were ineffectual.

Karl Jatho, Germany ? August 18, 1903 On August 18, 1903 he flew with his self-made motored gliding aircraft. He had four witnesses for his flight. The plane was equipped with a single-cylinder 10 horsepower (7,5 kW) Buchet engine driving a two-bladed pusher propeller and made hops of up to 200 ft (60 m), flying up to 10 ft (3 m) high.

Orville & Wilbur Wright, United States ? December 17, 1903 First controlled, sustained heavier than air flight: in the day's fourth flight, Wilbur Wright flew 279 meters (852 ft) in 59 seconds. First three flights were approximately 120, 175, and 200 ft, respectively. The Wrights were the first to fully and accurately describe all the requirements for controlled, powered flight and put them into use in an aircraft that took off from a rail with the help of a headwind to gain sufficient airspeed to fly.

Traian Vuia, Romania ? March 18, 1906 First flight by a heavier-than-air, self-propelled aircraft, without the aid of external takeoff mechanisms, such as rail or catapult. Many newspapers in France, the US, and the United Kingdom wrote about the first man to fly with a heavier-than-air machine with its own take off systems, propulsion units and landing gear. The thing that has been emphasized about Vuia's achievement is that his machine was able to take off on a flat surface "only by on-board means", without any "outside assistance", be it an incline, rails, a catapult, etc.

Jacob Ellehammer, Denmark ? September 12, 1906 Built monoplane, which he tested with a tether on the Danish Lindholm island.

Alberto Santos-Dumont, Brazil ? October 23, 1906 Described by many scholars (mostly European and Brazilian) as the first "sportsman of the air". He made his first flight in Paris. His aircraft, designated 14 Bis, was the first to be officially documented and photographed to take off, fly and land without a rail, catapult, or the presence of high winds.

Scope of the entire claim

The people attempting to create the first flying machine were faced with many separate challenges, which required diverse skills:

Develop theories on how flight works and invent a machine to fly. This requires the skills of a creative scientist.

Construct the machine. This requires the skills of an engineer.

Fly the machine. This requires a pilot, which ? before flight is achieved ? has to be someone intrepid, athletic and a quick learner ? the skills of an explorer.

Trial and error. This requires someone with a lot of time and resources ? an investor.

Recognition. This requires attracting notice, organizing a forum to demonstrate the invention and gaining publicity ? the skills of a marketer.

Many of the people that attempted to create the first flying machine succeeded only in some of these challenges. Since all the challenges were difficult, these are notable achievements, rightfully touted in their respective cultures. But emphasizing one set of challenges or another leads to different claims to the title of "first flying machine".

The earliest attempts focused on the first challenges; they couldn't make much progress on the central challenges before the Industrial Revolution. Even then, most attempts borrowed from others' earlier work and still left work for others to finish. The next to last step, trial and error, can take years, and ideas can go back and forth between different groups, consciously or not.

Since no one fully developed the first flying machine in complete isolation, it seems no one person or group had all the skills needed. The best that can be claimed is that certain inventions were pivotal steps to realizing the age of flight. Even then, who first achieved which step can still be debated.

Reply to
cyclops

Exactly! "INVENTIONS" ARE THE PROTOTYPE OF ANYTHING "NEW" Dumbo. The first "television" WAS a "mechanical" prototype, now kindly STFU you mentalcase. :-)

Reply to
MCP

In soc.men, MCP flippantly asserted...

=20

LOL You're about 2 posts away from creaming on yourself out of sheer anger= , huh?

t.

ng

ent

of

it,

f
n
s

kly

nd

--=20 DR

Hell awaits - exert brevity

Ta mere suce des bites en enfer!

What amazes me is the sheer number of inadequate males. Even more surprisin= g is how they can congregate on soc.men and claim superiority. They're duds, = misfits, throw- backs, but won't face up to it. - Jim Thompson

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Reply to
Darling Regan

Blank post indicating blank brain.

--
alt.usenet.kooks
"We are arrant knaves all, believe none of us."
Hamlet, Act 3, Scene 1 [129]

Hammer of Thor: February 2007. Pierre Salinger Memorial Hook,
Line & Sinker: September 2005, April 2006, January 2007.
Member, Cabal Obsidian Order: COOSN-124-07-06660

"Now I know what it is. Now I know what it means when an
alt.usenet.kook x-post shows up."
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Reply to
Kadaitcha Man

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