Re: Cascading UPSs

Jan 07, 2025 Last reply: 1 year ago 4 Replies


I've a shitload of UPSs -- most in the office.


>
> Power *tends* to be pretty reliable, here, so they aren't
> used for their "backup" capability.  However, we do tend to
> see "switching transients", predictably, at certain times
> of the day.  So, having a "second" of carryover is often
> helpful (on the smaller machines; the larger ones have big
> enough power supplies that they can bridge these momentary
> outages)
>
> Instead, they tend to be "outlet multipliers" in much the
> same way as outlet strips might be (though a better form
> factor, given the layout of my kit).  They let me connect
> all of the devices for a host to the UPS associated with that
> host.  Then, power them all on/off at the same time.
>
> But, most importantly, it lets me get a feel for how much
> of a load I have on the mains -- so I don't carelessly
> add some new load that blows a breaker!
>
> Replacing batteries is a costly -- and time consuming -- exercise.
> A single "shared" battery would be the preferred solution.  But,
> not possible with COTS UPSs (nor the associated IR drops).
>
> OTOH,  I *could* plug more than one UPS into a single (or few)
> "master" UPS that effectively takes on the role of the mains
> connection.  Then, I just have to keep that/those UPS running
> ("properly") to gain the benefits of bridging those brief glitches. >
> Any downsides to this?  If I remove the batteries from the
> "slave" UPSs (i.e., don't replace them when they fail), then
> I can avoid that maintenance issue but still retain the other
> advantages of the UPS-per-workstation.
>
> Or, maybe put some trivial "power source" in their place that
> is just enough to satisfy the UPSs' expectations of a "battery"? >
> [I'd still have to put up with the "connect battery" messages
> but maybe I'll hack the firmware to "fix" that issue -- and,
> stop the silly scrolling of "screens" so I can just see the
> data of interest, constantly.]
>
> [[UPS manufacturers seem to have s***ty/buggy/unfriendly software]] >

Some UPS designs cannot be turned on[*] without a battery in them, even when supplied with mains power, because they cannot energise the relay that enables the mains connection.


Sylvia.


[*] They can stay on, just not be turned on.

In fairness to UPS designers, having the UPS able to start without a battery is an edge case they probably wouldn't have felt was important.

I had an old UPS (sadly, now long dead) that behaved this way. The battery side was completely isolated[*] from the mains by a transformer, which allowed hot-swapping of the batteries (a feature described in the manual). But this was the same transformer as was used to generate the output voltage. Consequently, they had to ensure that there was no danger of back feeding the mains, which rather precluded relays whose default position was to connect the mains.

Mind you, they also included an expensive component whose sole purpose was to ensure that the mains wasn't connected during an outage. This was perhaps a level of over-engineering that goes to explain why they no longer exist.

Sylvia.

[*] Which was not the case for the more recent UPS I bought to replace the old one.

The home/SOHO market is much more likely a "disposable appliance" where UPS'es are concerned.

They buy one. When the ear peircing continuous scream of "battery gone" eventually occurs, they trash it and buy another new one.

A small subset that would be willing to swap the battery /might/ look at the manufacturers cost for a replacement battery and then conclude that it is cheaper to just trash it and buy the one on sale on Amazon right now, because new battery for old unit is 110% the cost of the sale item on Amazon. So those become disposable appliances as well.

...

Some units kill batteries faster than others.

It happens when they leave them permanently charging, theoretically to

100%. Others fully stop the charger and leave the battery alone for hours. With this method, unless there are mains failures, the battery last 5 years instead of 2.

I buy new UPS batteries (brand is irrelevant) at a local shop.

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