Proton beams taste bad

.googlegrou

Actually, the take-away message from the Scientific American was that it took a series of mutations to turn a healthy cell into one that can cause cancer - the multi-stage theory of cancer.

There seem to be about six stages between a healthy cell and one that can produce a malignancy, though this varies a bit from cancer to cancer.

Exposure to low level radiation at any time of life produces more mutations, and a higher rate of cancer, but the incidence of cancer rises fairly rapidly with age, and fooling around with an x-ray machine as a kid doesn't change rate of increase with age, though it can make you more likely to get cancer at any given age than more cautious people of the same age.

Most mutations just kill the cell rather than moving it along the progression towards an active cancer cell - which is just as true for cancer cells as it is for perfectly health cells.

-- Bill Sloman,Nijmegen

Radioactive bananas

That's like saying an RF front end can receive any signal. Well yes, but if the signal is buried in noise down by many orders of magnitude, essentially it's not there.

If some low level radiation increases your cancer rate from 20% to

Gamma from Co60 is *very* penetrating as I discovered at university. We were using a Co60 source in an expt. Took it out of its lead box, set up the GM counters and they screamed away. Put it back in its lead box and the counters still screamed.

ve

Take a Bevalac. Aim it at your Chorda Tympani. Report the sensation.

Did the counters report any taste effects when they stopped screaming?

Soft xrays and hard heavy ions are the beastliest from the outside.

Marie - HEY MY PhD IS USEFUL ON ARK

As a dessert topping, or as a floor wax?

Mark Edwards

You tell me.

Marie

Not a fan of the old SNL?

Radioactive playboy magazines:

Glossy-paper stock is full of kaolin clay...

"The analysis was performed with a high-purity germanium detector over a four hour period and a background spectrum was subtracted out. The analyses indicated that the various members of the uranium series were present in concentrations of 0.15 to 0.35 picocuries per gram of magazine (pCi/g). The members of the thorium series were present at concentrations of 0.3 to 0.6 pCi/g. Based on these measurements, I calculated that someone reading a 400 gram magazine would receive an exposure of approximately 1.5 x 10-3 microrem per hour (urem/hr). "

So 10,000 hour lifteime of magazine-reading will dose you with 15 uRem. This increases your risk of dying from cancer from 20% to

Oak Ridge instrument museum has lots of other cool stuff:

And the top 1m of soil contains about 5 tonnes of undepleted Uranium per sq km! That's the radioactive kind! It's like the Iraq War has been fought over every acre of land in most of the world!

All uranium is radioactive, since uranium has no stable isotopes. Depleted uranium has an above-average percentage of U-238 due to much or most of the U-235 being removed.

With a half-life of 4E9 years and an alpha emitter, DU (U238) is not dangerously radioactive. Good thing, it's all around us. Even U235 has a half-life of .7E9 years.

Longer half-life makes radioctive materials "less hot".

However, alpha emitters are the worst to get inside ones' bodies, in comparison to beta and gamma emitters, even in terms of damage per body-absorbed radiation particle, per amount of energy in radiation particles. Also, consider amount of energy per radiated particle - alphas tend to rank higher there also.

When alpha emitters are not so bad - when they are outside the body, not ingested. Alpha radiation has trouble getting through more than one layer of 2-ply toilet paper, or much more than ~3 inches of sea-level-atmospheric-pressure air.

A secondary hazard of alpha emitters is that many of them also emit gammas. On the other hand, many-to-most of those have their gammas being lower energy ones with per-particle energy only in the 10's of KeV, as opposed to the alphas usually being heavyweight even in that area with a few or quite-a-few MeV. 10's-of-KeV gammas are merely X-rays with per-particle energy like that or mildly worse than that of X-rays from high voltage tubes in TV sets that have high voltage tubes (such as CRTs).

So don't breathe it.

But is blocked by the epidermis. Metalic U238 is perfectly safe to handle.

Like I said, not dangerous.

=20

=20

=20

office.

=20

Two issues: Vaccine is a preventative, not a cure. Dr. Sabin had an alternative vaccine but Dr. Salk published first.

I could go on but those two are most to the point.

=20

Naw, just limited carrying capacity for oxygen, water and food.

;;=3DD

Difficult to do if the DU ammunition burns to a fine oxide dust

I think limitation of stocking supplies is the reason. The moon is outside the Van Allen belts.

Klipste>

over

were

per=20

or=20

Be that as it may, the resulting Thorium 234 then promptly does undergoes two beta emissions (via Protactinium 234) to U 234 with a fairly fast decay all the way down to lead 206. (the longest lived isotope in the chain, U234, has a half life of about 1/4 megayear). Ignoring all the decay emissions after U234, we still have a noticeable source.

Decay chain from:=20