Centronics
B&W,
If I am reading your question right, the answer is 'no way'. The USB interface on the PC end, is a lot more than a simple IC to generate the signals, the basic 'master' code, totals over 30000 lines of code, excluding the driver for the printer itself, and the USB card involved, and uses a significant amount of processing power as well. USB is designed to use cheap 'slave' units at the peripherals like the printer, but as a 'cost' of doing this, has a lot of overhead for the master device. The simplest way to implement what you are asking for, would be a 'matchbox' industrial PC, attach a PC104 I/O card, and write a program to behave as a centronics peripheral, and take the data received, and route it to the USB port, and on to a printer attached using this interface. Using an embedded Linux, this could all be done in flash. Think in terms of possibly $300 to $400 in hardware, and a couple of weeks development time. For a single 'subset' of devices, it could possibly be done with a lot less hardware using a microcontroller, but at the cost of massively increasing the development time...
Best Wishes