equipment,
components).
see
this
Interesting.
RoHS should have only been implemented on short lived disposable consumer items, where it might make some sense. eg cell phones. I agree on banning the Hexavalent chromium, mercury (but too useful for "exempt" lamps), bromides, cadmium (except where nickel cadmium batteries are best in non consumer items such as long usable life), and lead acid batteries used in some consumer items (eg cordless phones, flashlights, but not in cars, UPS systems, large energy storage, etc). I wonder what they will use to block X rays from things like CRT's? What ever happened to proper disposal techniques and recycling. Here even small lead acid batteries are worth something, so very little of them get thrown away. Here we throw our compostables in one bin, recyclables in another (cans and bottles are refund here, so they are also separated in most cases) and garbage goes in another. I think garbage should have mandatory sorting before it goes to the land fill. Too often stuff gets thrown away because it does not have a normal recycling path, but can be remade into something else, cleanly incinerated (eg scrap wood), I know I hate throwing chunks of metal away.
Tin whiskers, and tin dendrites (two totally different phenomenon) are a big problem - I've saw some on 6 month old blank boards from a questionable quality manufacture where they used lead free solder with a HASL finish. Lead free solders also corrode much more then leaded solders.
For us (we still do very little RoHS stuff as customers are avoiding it as much as possible), we had to buy a wave solder machine that won't be damaged by the corrosive lead free alloys (lead free even dissolves stainless steel!). We have to have the lead free alloy tested every so often to insure that it's still RoHS compliant. Solder for it costs much more the leaded solder. It wasn't used much, and it's on it's first overhaul already (we were working on it just yesterday - it clogged up due to the massive amounts of dross lead free produces! While we are at it we are getting a lot of it powder coated). Our old leaded wave has never been overhauled and we use it fairly often.
Luckily our old reflow oven was capable of reflowing lead free, and we were in the market for another oven for our new line, so we picked up a nitrogen capable reflow unit which helps process lead free alloys and increase wetting, which can consume up to 800 cu Ft of N2 per hour (ever price the cost of N2 at those volumes? You also can't store bulk N2 for very long as you loose about 2-3% per day). The oven temps are higher, and the processing speeds are slower, consuming what we figure to be about 2-3 times as much energy per an assembly. Industry experts say that lead free boards need
800% more energy to process from start to finish, as compared to their leaded counterparts. Some smaller things are designated inventory areas and work areas. Soldering tips don't stay tinned for more then a few minutes with lead free! Cleaning and using dedicated squeegees for the stencil printer is also a bit of an expensive pain.