Well, before you go *any* further, you need to remove the solder bridge that you now have between the output pin's pad, and ground. You need to get to work to tidy up the print and get the holes clear, using some soldawick or whatever.
B32 may very well be the culprit. I have had these little surface mount block ceramics fail on many occasions. Just remove it and see if the short goes away. If it does, any old value of 0.01 to 0.1uF will do. It's only an HF bypass to quieten any tendency of the regulator to hoot, which they readily will if not decoupled properly. It is unlikely in my experience, that you will have any kind of inter-layer short. It looks like it's only a top and bottom layer anyway. From what I remember looking at the earlier pictures, now that the resistor is removed, I don't think that there is anything other than B32 still connected to the input of the regulator, so it's a fair bet that is the shorted component. These little caps also have a tendency to go leaky, so it may have been in such a state for a while, stressing the resistor, which is then heating the track, and thus B32, serving to accelerate the failure, to the point where it finally went short.
Arfa