> ALE is a output active high pin and i wasn't aware that it shouldn't
> > be forcefully grounded. i'm still not sure why you shouldn't tie
> > output pins to vcc or ground. is there some logic behind this?
>
> You have much to learn, grasshopper ;).
>
> I suggest you get hold of a copy of "The Art of Electronics" by Horowitz and
> Hill. It's all in there. If you only ever buy one techy book, this should be
> it.
>
> Steve
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why thank you kind sir, i will have to get myself a copy :-)