BJT Base emitter cutoff

Jun 06, 2011 15 Replies

How does one know the minimum current that can be used to program the base current for a bjt? Is it the base cutoff spec?



I'm trying to figure out the maximum pullup resistor I can use for a npn common collector and still have relatively unity gain.



The 2N2222 datasheet hast he Base cutoff at 20nA and the Emitter cutoff 10nA.



Does this mean that if these currents are not flowing then the bjt is not going to work as intended? Either base resistor is too large and/ or emitter resistor is too large?


20nA seems a bit small? I could use a 1M ohm resistor connected to 10V which would give me 10uA to supply to the base and it would have over
500 times the necessary current to drive the base? Likewise I could use a 1M ohm emitter resistor and not have to worry about the emitter follower being cut off?

What happens to an emitter follower when there is not enough base current to bring the base emitter diode into full conduction? Do we still get the emitter following the base exactly with just a smaller diode drop between them or do we lose something in the process such as gain?



Thanks


This sounds very confused. I've crossposted it to s.e.b, which is the right place for it. I think it'd help if you drew the circuit out, including full details of what youre feeding in and what load you're using.

NT

The transistor can be modelled as having an intrinsic emitter resistor re =

26mV/Ie where Ie is the emitter current. For small emitter currents, re is large. re forms a potential divider with the parallel combination of your external emitter resistor and load resistance. So you lose gain and load current drive capability.

Those cut-off currents in the datasheet are collector-emitter leakage current and base-emitter reverse leakage when the transistor is on the off state.

And those numbers are as useless of the proverbial appendages on the boar hog.

In Spice modeling terms, leakage degradation effects from the ideal logarithmic bipolar behavior are characterized by IS, ISC, ISE, NF, NE and NC. ...Jim Thompson

| James E.Thompson, CTO | mens | | Analog Innovations, Inc. | et | | Analog/Mixed-Signal ASIC's and Discrete Systems | manus | | Phoenix, Arizona 85048 Skype: Contacts Only | | | Voice:(480)460-2350 Fax: Available upon request | Brass Rat | | E-mail Icon at http://www.analog-innovations.com | 1962 | I love to cook with wine. Sometimes I even put it in the food.

Transistors do stop acting like transistors below some minimum current level. If you really want your circuit to work properly down into the nanoamps or picoamps, you might want to look at the BFT25A, or even better, the BFG25AW. They're very fast, small geometry devices whose f_T and beta hold up much better than most others' at low I_C.

Cheers

Phil Hobbs

Dr Philip C D Hobbs Principal ElectroOptical Innovations 55 Orchard Rd Briarcliff Manor NY 10510 845-480-2058 email: hobbs (atsign) electrooptical (period) net http://electrooptical.net

Or use CMOS... it likes COLD ;-) ...Jim Thompson

| James E.Thompson, CTO | mens | | Analog Innovations, Inc. | et | | Analog/Mixed-Signal ASIC's and Discrete Systems | manus | | Phoenix, Arizona 85048 Skype: Contacts Only | | | Voice:(480)460-2350 Fax: Available upon request | Brass Rat | | E-mail Icon at http://www.analog-innovations.com | 1962 | I love to cook with wine. Sometimes I even put it in the food.

Sometimes it's the collector current you care about, though, e.g. in some kinds of photodiode front ends, or when low power analogue is the order of the day. There are lots of things you can do with bipolars that are hard with MOSFETs, at least if you don't have thousands of them to play with. ;)

Cheers

Phil Hobbs

Dr Philip C D Hobbs Principal ElectroOptical Innovations 55 Orchard Rd Briarcliff Manor NY 10510 845-480-2058 email: hobbs (atsign) electrooptical (period) net http://electrooptical.net

Got any idea of betas at low currents?

I know that their leakages are absurdly low.

John

The AW is close to 75 from Ic of 1 uA to about 1 or 2 mA.

Click on data sheet:

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Watch out for line wrap.

The AW is close to 75 from Ic of 1 uA to about 1 or 2 mA. ^^^^^^ BFG25AW

Click on data sheet at:

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Watch out for line wrap.

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They hold up way lower than that. I need to make a bunch of really boring 1/f noise measurements tomorrow, so I'll try measuring a few betas if I get motivated. That'll give me a chance to use my lovely $5 Keithley 410 micro-microammeter. ;)

Cheers

Phil Hobbs

Dr Philip C D Hobbs Principal ElectroOptical Innovations 55 Orchard Rd Briarcliff Manor NY 10510 845-480-2058 email: hobbs (atsign) electrooptical (period) net http://electrooptical.net

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Fantastic! The data sheet curve didn't go below 10^-3 mA.

Your $5 meter is a great bargain, needless to say.

John

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I paid $25 shipping, though. ;0

Cheers

Phil Hobbs

Dr Philip C D Hobbs Principal ElectroOptical Innovations 55 Orchard Rd Briarcliff Manor NY 10510 845-480-2058 email: hobbs (atsign) electrooptical (period) net http://electrooptical.net

ent

he

e

d...

That still counts.

I made $0.50 the one time I gambled. We celebrated with $6 hotdogs.

-- Cheers, James Arthur

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Dangnabit, I paid $150 for this one:

ftp://jjlarkin.lmi.net/Keithley_1gig.JPG

John

No, it means that the BJT is working _exactly_ as intended, i.e., when there's no base current, there's very little emitter or collector current. That's why it's called "cutoff."

Hope This Helps! Rich

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