It doesn't. Silicon is fairly well inert to anything but hydrofluoric and its variations. Reason being, fluoride make SiF6(2-) ions, keeping it in solution; chroride doesn't, so even if it reacted, you'd just be making a bunch of silica goo, most of which would remain stuck firmly to the silicon surface. Which actually is exactly what happens, and why it doesn't eat it.
Ammonia is chlorinated, leading to noxious chloramine compounds (NH2Cl, NHCl2, NCl3). Trichloramine (nitrogen trichloride) is almost famously explosive, being in the same class as the more famous nitrogen triiodide.
Adding acid to a hypochlorite (bleach is equal parts NaOCl, NaCl and a little bit of remaining NaOH, hinting at its synthesis) releases chlorine gas. The reaction looks something like, 2NaOCl + 2HCl =3D
2NaCl + Cl2(g) + H2O. Same thing works with bleaching lime (calcium hypochlorite, which unlike sodium hypochlorite, is a stable solid, often sold for pool chlorine). Actually, all the pool chlorine products will release Cl2 when HCl is added (including H2O2).In the lab, chlorine is often generated by dripping sulfuric or hydrochloric acid on calcium hypochlorite or TCCA (trichloroisocyanuric acid, also used for pools), a fairly controllable reaction.
Tim