Labjack U6:
Maybe the U3 would also work, and it's much cheaper, but I didn't like the input range of the ADC and dividing it would decrease the accuracy.
The Intel Galileo Arduino-like board would also probably work--but you can't buy one. . They did a very nice job on this board.
I've tried a regular Arduino for something similar but the 10 bit ADC wasn't sufficient.