I assume you are asking about test of prototypes to prove design not test of the finished product to show it was manufactured correctly
Two types of test to consider Functional and environmental
Functional tests require all ranges of inputs and outputs be simulated / checked
Environmental:
Simulate or calculate with worst case ranges of variables e.g. resistors, gains
Test over expected temperature range
Test over primary power range
Test for susceptiabilty to electrical noise. If you don't have fancy noise generators use a relay with contact wired to coil to make a relay buzzer and capacitively connect coil to inputs, power and outputs
Test for immunity to RF by using a hand held VHF radio in transmit mode holding within a foot of the unit under test.
If you have access to an RF generator capacitively couple generator to inputs and sweep generator thru its range.
Key a cell phone to talk while holding cell phone near the unit.
Dan