I've got B.O....

Jan 01, 2010 10 Replies

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Design: based around a blocking oscillator, a complete switching power supply in only one transistor. The 1M resistor provides initial bias, charging the 0.01 base bypass capacitor. When it reaches about 0.7V, the MJE18008 kicks on. Due to positive feedback, it stays on, until collector current reaches about 1.2A. At that point, the capacitor has discharged enough that base current is falling. As a result, collector voltage begins to rise, and by positive feedback, the base is slammed off rapidly. Collector voltage rises to a peak around 500V, clamped by the RCD snubber and slowed by the RC. The flyback pulse is dumped into the output filter capacitor and the base bias supply (0.1 and 1N914, generating about -5V). The transistor turns back on either when the base capacitor reaches threshold, or if it's nearly there already, then when the inductor voltage swings slightly below zero (due to ringing). In this way, the transistor acts as a rudimentary BCM (Boundary Control Mode) switching supply.



To avoid dropping a large current from 160V, a bootstrap bias supply furnishes base current. To control it, an optoisolator shunts the negative supply, thus forcing more bias current into the base circuit, increasing the charge rate of the 0.01 capacitor.



On the output side, a TL431 is used for voltage reference and error amp. Unfortunately, the phase is wrong, so it has to be inverted with the 2N3906. A ring-of-two current sink is used to bias the IR LED instead of a resistor, to maximize startup current. As shown, the error amp starts around 2V, and enters the linear range at 10.3V.



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Here's the collector voltage waveform at 2.5A load. Essentially continuous operation. Power input is about 40W, so efficiency is low, around 63%. Most of this is dissipated in the transistor, but the small transformer is getting warm, as is the diode and filter capacitor. The snubbers are also burning a watt or so.



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Current waveform for same conditions, measured across a 0.47 ohm emitter resistor.



Tim


Deep Friar: a very philosophical monk. Website: http://webpages.charter.net/dawill/tmoranwms

Tim Williams a écrit :

You can get rid of those 3904-06. Just tie the opto diode across the TL431, with a series diode to control loop gain...

Thanks, Fred.

I tried that, but I don't think ~1.2Vf is enough for the 431, it wasn't working. It needs more like 2.5V, dunnit?

The CCS still helps with startup and voltage range, which isn't a big deal for the 431 (1-100mA is plenty of range), but it is rather wasteful for the resistor otherwise doing the job.

Tim

Deep Friar: a very philosophical monk. Website: http://webpages.charter.net/dawill/tmoranwms

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lso

Cute. The MJE18008 Vce(sat) ramps up to ~15v toward the end of the ON time. You could improve the efficiency a lot by fixing that.

The inductor ringing seems to be triggering a few runt ON cycles right after the real deal, e.g. the spikes at division 0.7 and 3.3 on the current waveform. Those are lossy.

Nice post Tim.

-- Cheers, James Arthur

It could be done even simpler (and better):

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Did something like this > 20 years ago.

Vladimir Vassilevsky DSP and Mixed Signal Design Consultant

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It doesn't start up though. ;-)

I take it the current sense transistor sharpens cutoff? That would be handy.

Tim

Deep Friar: a very philosophical monk. Website: http://webpages.charter.net/dawill/tmoranwms

Yeah, these things usually switch pretty nice, but it's hard to avoid Vce(sat) rising in a simple BO like this. I suppose one solution might be to increase the transconductance. Maybe a desat detector would sharpen things, that and increasing base current.

Hmm, collector voltage is also falling below +V at that point, so it probably would be turning on slightly, or getting close to it.

The transformer was thrown together, no particular thought given to leakage. The RC snubber gets pretty hot. The waveforms are downright ugly without the snubber, even the flyback peak is trashed. A better transformer would do a lot towards making everything work better.

Tim

Deep Friar: a very philosophical monk. Website: http://webpages.charter.net/dawill/tmoranwms

It's a self oscillating fly back. It's been around for a while.

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Analysis and Design of Self-Oscillating Flyback Converter

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Several patents based on the same basic circuit with minor tweaksl.

Oops. Put a resistor from +300V to the base of the switch BJT.

Actually, it cuts off because of current limiting. BTW, if fast thyristor or like will be used instead of current sense BJT, this type of design can make power over 100W.

Vladimir Vassilevsky DSP and Mixed Signal Design Consultant

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Thanks!

Tim

Deep Friar: a very philosophical monk. Website: http://webpages.charter.net/dawill/tmoranwms

N

It's not hard, just drive the snot out of it. Or switch to one of the Zetex transistors. It's usually worth it, efficiency-wise. Vce(on) needn't be more than ~1.5V. A 1v-powered converter I did keeps Vce (on) to

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