Grand Apagon - Electricity (not) in Spain

Apr 29, 2025 Last reply: 1 year ago 212 Replies

Spain suffered a very spectacular near total loss of its national grid yesterday taking parts of France and all of Portugal down with it. This is an unprecedented failure of a supergrid system by cascade failure.



It seems likely they had got the effect of widespread solar PV has on load shedding wrong (much like happened in the UK) and so it failed completely. Two events a second apart delivered the coup de grace.



They seem to have ruled out cyber attack and the electricity company is now trying to blame "the wrong sort of temperature variations"...



Their 400kV lines seemed to be taking the blame with the national power company blaming exceedingly rare atmospheric phenomena due to "large" temperature differences in central Spain. They claimed that the magical sounding "induced atmospheric vibration" was to blame.



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Another marginally plausible explanation given was that different impedances on cables at radically different temperatures on different paths messed up the phasing (but the numbers don't look right to me).



Anyone have any idea what actually happened?



The only one I am aware of that can take 400kV supergrid down is cables clashing together in older pylon configs where they are exactly one above the other and resonance effects allowing large amplitude standing waves to build up in the spans can occur in 70+mph winds.



Most UK ones now have a longer central pylon spur so that the lines are more widely separated and up-down motion cannot allow them to touch.



They do sing quite impressively in a gale though. The little weights at each end are apparently there to prevent such standing wave resonances damaging the pylon structure. Without them some pylons did fall down in the distant past during the most extreme of winter storms.


Spain is a leader in renewable power, shutting down nukes and fossil fuel power plants. One theory is that local lack of sun and wind can be overcome by huge long-distance inter-state and inter-country networks. "The wind is always blowing somewhere."

Politicians are not usually good electrical engineers.

Go green, go dark. Germany is de-industrializing too.

In 2005 there was 5 GW of photovoltaic solar capacity installed worldwide, 5 GW is now what's being installed worldwide this year every

72 hours.

The only place significant new nuclear is being built is in China, I believe they built about 40 GW in the past decade. The US built way less than that I see why it's even less popular here, venture capital likes making money.

that depends, PV doesn't provide inertia like spinning turbines

And most of the world goes dark every night.

Making money implies efficiency. And vice versa.

Nor does it provide local power on gloomy days or at night.

In message <vuqgef$1of93$ snipped-for-privacy@dont-email.me, Martin Brown <'''newspam'''@nonad.co.uk> writes

You can wind back the Spanish Gridwatch to when it went TU and see what was happening up to the event. France and Portugal both vanish ,

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Brian

No. Every possibility is being investigated, and the government has promised to say it, and claim damages if there is a culprit.

Cool. The government can collect damages from itself.

In principle they can disconnect any residential installation with a smart meter (although they are normally prohibited from doing so). And anyone with a SMETS1 "smart" meter is wide open for a bad actor to flip their power on and off deliberately to bring the UK network down.

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Unclear if the smart meters from that era that have become disabled by the customer changing supplier are still a hacker security risk or not. State actors would have no trouble hacking them...

Some university researchers had no real bother!

They can drop out entire blocks of switchgear to take a given region or zone offline (as would happen if a fault condition trips a breaker).

The big problem on a really sunny day is that an individual house roof

4kW PV installation in late afternoon in the UK will be potentially exporting all of it to the grid. That is about 20-30 houses worth of electricity for each solar roof.

They drop say 100MW of load or approx 500k houses @ 200W but with 2% of them generating 4kW then they also drop off 40MW of local generation.

So the net load shedding is only 60MW which isn't enough to restore the balance and then the cycle repeats until it hits the low frequency total panic limiter. UK stopped it spreading by manual override dropping more than the algorithm wanted but leaving a big area without power.

It didn't help that by the time they did that the low frequency had put a lot of electric trains into a disabled state requiring a hard reset by a qualified service engineer visit and at random positions on the intercity train lines. The guys who could do that were in short supply.

Nope. It is private companies.

What we do here is insanely bad forest management that builds incredible fuel loads. So when a fire explodes, government conjectures an ignition source and sues some private party. Unless it was lightning; it's hard to sue God.

When unemployed people are cold and hungry in the dark, they may reconsider voting Green.

Gosh, multiple layers of bad engineering. All that stuff used to work

30 years ago.

The Greens will have to wait in line.

Treasury Secretary Bessent said he is not currently concerned about the risk of empty store shelves, stating, "We have some great retailers. I assume they preordered."

It's some good stuff these people are smoking. US retailers learned _nothing_ from COVID, other than how to raise prices.

The Greens will have to wait in line.

Treasury Secretary Bessent said he is not currently concerned about the risk of empty store shelves, stating, "We have some great retailers. I assume they preordered."

It's some good stuff these people are smoking. US retailers learned _nothing_ from COVID, other than how to raise prices.

(total loss in the peninsula)

For those that can follow spoken Spanish, there has just been a detailed explanation on Radio Cadena Ser. Aimar Bretos interviewed Jorge Morales on Hora 25:

«Director of Próxima Energía and expert in the energy sector. Entrepreneur and industrial engineer from the Polytechnic University of Madrid, he has more than 20 years of experience in the Spanish electricity sector.»

Direct link to mp3, starting from 31:30

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and:

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Or, if that fails:

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Continues on

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Waiting for the podcast to appear [...] got it.

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Could be that the day of the $5 tee shirt and the $7 prescription glasses (shipping included) are mostly over.

China is considering selling all that cheap stuff to their own people! Fancy that. They might have to pay them enough to afford it.

It's too late, capital is already moving on to Vietnam, Myanmar, Philippines, Africa, El Salvadorian prison slave labor..

"The Dutch Disease" posits that having one valuable resource, like oil or something, makes the elites rich and impoverishes most citizens. China's resource is cheap labor, and exports make the elites, the CCP, rich.

Wouldn't it be ironic if Trump's tarriff war winds up benefiting the working people in China. Maybe that's his plan.

Some people have air conditioners and electric tea kettles.

I think some people have "electric fires", namely resistive space heating. Maybe horribly inefficient electric water heaters.

Most of our heat comes from natural gas, which is very reliable.

But yes, one rooftop solar powering 30 houses is not reasonable.

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