National Semiconductor LM324 datasheet

LMx24, LMx24x, LMx24xx, LM2902, LM2902x, LM2902xx, LM2902xxx

Quadruple Operational Amplifiers

1 Features

• Next-generation LM324B and LM2902B
• B versions are drop-in replacements for all versions of LM224, LM324, and LM2902
• Improved specifications of B version
  • Supply range: 3V to 36V (B, BA versions)
  • Low input offset voltage: ±2mV (BA version) / 3mV (B version)
  • ESD rating: 2kV (HBM), 1.5kV (CDM)
  • EMI rejection: integrated RF and EMI filter
  • Low input bias current: 50nA maximum (across –40°C to +125°C)
• Common-mode input voltage range includes V–
• Input voltage differential are drivable up to the supply voltage
• For dual B versions, see LM358B and LM2904B

2 Applications

• Merchant network and server power supply units
• Multi-function printers
• Power supplies and mobile chargers
• Desktop PC and motherboard
• Indoor and outdoor air conditioners
• Washers, dryers, and refrigerators
• AC inverters, string inverters, central inverters, and voltage frequency drives
• Uninterruptible power supplies

3 Description

The LM324B and LM2902B devices are the next-generation versions of the industry-standard operational amplifiers (op amps) LM324 and LM2902, which include four high-voltage (36V) op amps.

These devices provide outstanding value for cost-sensitive applications, with features including low offset (600μV, typical), common-mode input range to ground, and high differential input voltage capability.

The LM324B and LM2902B are unity-gain stable and achieve a low offset voltage maximum of 3mV (2mV maximum for LM324BA and LM2902BA) and quiescent current of 240μA per amplifier (typical). High ESD (2kV HBM and 1.5kV CDM) and integrated EMI and RF filters enable the LM324B and LM2902B devices to be used in the most rugged, environmentally challenging applications.

The LM324B and LM2902B can drop-in replace all versions of the LM224, LM324, and LM2902 devices.

Device Information

(1) For more information, see Section 12. (2) The package size (length × width) is a nominal value and includes pins, where applicable.

An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications, intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.

LM124, LM124A, LM224, LM224A, LM224K, LM224KA LM324, LM324A, LM324B, LM324BA, LM324K, LM324KA LM2902, LM2902B, LM2902BA, LM2902K, LM2902KAV, LM2902KV SLOS066AE – AUGUST 1975 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2025

Table of Contents

• 1 Features ........ 1
• 2 Applications ........ 1
• 3 Description ........ 1
• 4 Related Products ........ 2
• 5 Pin Configuration and Functions ........ 3
• 6 Specifications ........ 5
• 6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings ........ 5
• 6.2 ESD Ratings ........ 5
• 6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions ........ 6
• 6.4 Thermal Information ........ 6
• 6.5 Electrical Characteristics for LM324B and LM324BA ........ 7
• 6.6 Electrical Characteristics for LM2902B and LM2902BA ........ 9
• 6.7 Electrical Characteristics for LM324, LM324K, LM224, LM224K, and LM124 ........ 11
• 6.8 Electrical Characteristics for LM2902, LM2902K, LM2902KV and LM2902KAV ........ 12
• 6.9 Electrical Characteristics for LM324A, LM324KA, LM224A, LM224KA, and LM124A ........ 13
• 6.10 Operating Conditions ........ 13
• 6.11 Typical Characteristics: LM324B and LM2902B ........ 14
• 6.12 Typical Characteristics: All Devices Except B and BA Versions ........ 20
• 7 Parameter Measurement Information ........ 21
• 8 Detailed Description ........ 21
• 8.1 Overview ........ 21
• 8.2 Functional Block Diagram ........ 22
• 8.3 Feature Description ........ 23
• 8.4 Device Functional Modes ........ 23
• 9 Application and Implementation ........ 24
• 9.1 Application Information ........ 24
• 9.2 Typical Application ........ 24
• 9.3 Power Supply Recommendations ........ 25
• 9.4 Layout ........ 26
• 10 Device and Documentation Support ........ 27
• 10.1 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates ........ 27
• 10.2 Support Resources ........ 27
• 10.3 Trademarks ........ 27
• 10.4 Electrostatic Discharge Caution ........ 27
• 10.5 Glossary ........ 27
• 11 Revision History ........ 27
• 12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information ........ 29

4 Related Products

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5 Pin Configuration and Functions

Figure 5-1. D, DB, J, N, NS, PW, W Packages, 14-Pin SOIC, SSOP, CDIP, PDIP, SO, TSSOP, CFP (Top View)

Figure 5-2. FK Package, 20-Pin LCCC (Top View)

Table 5-1. Pin Functions

LM124, LM124A, LM224, LM224A, LM224K, LM224KA LM324, LM324A, LM324B, LM324BA, LM324K, LM324KA LM2902, LM2902B, LM2902BA, LM2902K, LM2902KAV, LM2902KV SLOS066AE – AUGUST 1975 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2025

Figure 5-3. RTE Package, 16-Pin WQFN (Top View)

Table 5-2. Pin Functions

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6 Specifications

6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings

over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)(1)

(1) Operation outside the Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent device damage. Absolute Maximum Ratings do not imply functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those listed under Recommended Operating Conditions. If used outside the Recommended Operating Conditions but within the Absolute Maximum Ratings, the device may not be fully functional, and this may affect device reliability, functionality, performance, and shorten the device lifetime.

(2) All voltage values (except differential voltages and VCC specified for the measurement of IOS) are with respect to the network GND.

(3) Differential voltages are at IN+, with respect to IN–.

(4) Short circuits from outputs to VCC can cause excessive heating and eventual destruction.

6.2 ESD Ratings

(1) JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.

(2) JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.

LM124, LM124A, LM224, LM224A, LM224K, LM224KA LM324, LM324A, LM324B, LM324BA, LM324K, LM324KA LM2902, LM2902B, LM2902BA, LM2902K, LM2902KAV, LM2902KV SLOS066AE – AUGUST 1975 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2025

6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions

over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)

6.4 Thermal Information

(1) For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the Semiconductor and IC Package Thermal Metrics application note.

(2) Short circuits from outputs to VCC can cause excessive heating and eventual destruction.

(3) Maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max), RθJA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable ambient temperature is PD = (TJ(max) – TA) / RθJA. Operating at the absolute maximum TJ of 150°C can affect reliability.

(4) Maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max), RθJA, and TC. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable case temperature is PD = (TJ(max) – TC) / RθJC. Operating at the absolute maximum TJ of 150°C can affect reliability.

6 Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2025 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM124 LM124A LM224 LM224A LM224K LM224KA LM324 LM324A LM324B LM324BA LM324K LM324KA LM2902 LM2902B LM2902BA LM2902K LM2902KAV LM2902KV

6.5 Electrical Characteristics for LM324B and LM324BA

for VS = (V+) – (V–) = 5V to 36V (±2.5V to ±18V), at TA = 25°C, VCM = VOUT = VS / 2, and RL = 10k connected to VS / 2 (unless otherwise noted)

LM124, LM124A, LM224, LM224A, LM224K, LM224KA LM324, LM324A, LM324B, LM324BA, LM324K, LM324KA LM2902, LM2902B, LM2902BA, LM2902K, LM2902KAV, LM2902KV SLOS066AE – AUGUST 1975 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2025

6.5 Electrical Characteristics for LM324B and LM324BA (continued)

for VS = (V+) – (V–) = 5V to 36V (±2.5V to ±18V), at TA = 25°C, VCM = VOUT = VS / 2, and RL = 10k connected to VS / 2 (unless otherwise noted)

(1) Specified by design and characterization only.

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6.6 Electrical Characteristics for LM2902B and LM2902BA

for $V_S = (V+) - (V-) = 5V$ to $36V$ (±2.5V to ±18V), at T_A = 25° C, $V_{CM} = V_{OUT} = V_S / 2$, and $R_L = 10k$ connected to $V_S / 2$ (unless otherwise noted)

LM124, LM124A, LM224, LM224A, LM224K, LM224KA LM324, LM324A, LM324B, LM324BA, LM324K, LM324KA LM2902, LM2902B, LM2902BA, LM2902K, LM2902KAV, LM2902KV SLOS066AE – AUGUST 1975 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2025

6.6 Electrical Characteristics for LM2902B and LM2902BA (continued)

for VS = (V+) – (V–) = 5V to 36V (±2.5V to ±18V), at TA = 25°C, VCM = VOUT = VS / 2, and RL = 10k connected to VS / 2 (unless otherwise noted)

(1) Specified by design and characterization only.

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6.7 Electrical Characteristics for LM324, LM324K, LM224, LM224K, and LM124

at specified free-air temperature, VCC = 5V (unless otherwise noted)

(1) All characteristics are measured under open-loop conditions, with zero common-mode input voltage, unless otherwise specified. MAX VCC for testing purposes is 26V for LM2902 and 30V for the others.

(2) Full range is –□□°C to +125°C for LM124, –25°C to +85°C for LM224, and 0°C to 70°C for LM324.

(3) All typical values are at TA = 25°C.

LM124, LM124A, LM224, LM224A, LM224K, LM224KA LM324, LM324A, LM324B, LM324BA, LM324K, LM324KA LM2902, LM2902B, LM2902BA, LM2902K, LM2902KAV, LM2902KV SLOS066AE – AUGUST 1975 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2025

6.8 Electrical Characteristics for LM2902, LM2902K, LM2902KV and LM2902KAV

at specified free-air temperature, VCC = 5V (unless otherwise noted)

(1) All characteristics are measured under open-loop conditions, with zero common-mode input voltage, unless otherwise specified. MAX VCC for testing purposes is 26V for LM2902 and 32V for LM2902V.

(2) Full range is –□□°C to +125°C for LM2902.

(3) All typical values are at TA = 25°C.

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6.9 Electrical Characteristics for LM324A, LM324KA, LM224A, LM224KA, and LM124A

at specified free-air temperature, VCC = 5V (unless otherwise noted)

(1) All characteristics are measured under open-loop conditions, with zero common-mode input voltage, unless otherwise specified.
(2) Full range is –□□°C to +125°C for LM124A, –25°C to +85°C for LM224A, and 0°C to 70°C for LM324A.
(3) All typical values are at TA = 25°C.

6.10 Operating Conditions

at VCC = ±15V and TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted)

LM124, LM124A, LM224, LM224A, LM224K, LM224KA LM324, LM324A, LM324B, LM324BA, LM324K, LM324KA LM2902, LM2902B, LM2902BA, LM2902K, LM2902KAV, LM2902KV SLOS066AE – AUGUST 1975 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2025

6.11 Typical Characteristics: LM324B and LM2902B

at TA = 25°C, VS = 36V (±18V), VCM = VS / 2, and RLOAD = 10kΩ connected to VS / 2 (unless otherwise noted)

Figure 6-1. Offset Voltage Production Distribution

Figure 6-2. Offset Voltage Drift Distribution

Figure 6-3. Offset Voltage vs Temperature

Figure 6-4. Offset Voltage vs Common-Mode Voltage

Figure 6-5. Open-Loop Gain and Phase vs Frequency

Figure 6-6. Closed-Loop Gain vs Frequency

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TEXAS INSTRUMENTS

LM124, LM124A, LM224, LM224A, LM224K, LM224KA LM324, LM324A, LM324B, LM324BA, LM324K, LM324KA LM2902, LM2902B, LM2902BA, LM2902K, LM2902KAV, LM2902KV SLOS066AE – AUGUST 1975 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2025

6.11 Typical Characteristics: LM324B and LM2902B (continued)

at TA = 25°C, VS = 36V (±18V), VCM = VS / 2, and RLOAD = 10kΩ connected to VS / 2 (unless otherwise noted)

Figure 6-7. Output Voltage Swing vs Output Current (Sourcing)

Figure 6-8. CMRR vs Frequency

Figure 6-9. PSRR vs Frequency

Figure 6-10. Common-Mode Rejection Ratio vs Temperature

Figure 6-11. Power Supply Rejection Ratio vs Temperature

Figure 6-12. 0.1Hz to 10Hz Noise

Copyright © 2025 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback 15 Product Folder Links: LM124 LM124A LM224 LM224A LM224K LM224KA LM324 LM324A LM324B LM324BA LM324K LM324KA LM2902 LM2902B LM2902BA LM2902K LM2902KAV LM2902KV

LM124, LM124A, LM224, LM224A, LM224K, LM224KA LM324, LM324A, LM324B, LM324BA, LM324K, LM324KA LM2902, LM2902B, LM2902BA, LM2902K, LM2902KAV, LM2902KV SLOS066AE – AUGUST 1975 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2025

6.11 Typical Characteristics: LM324B and LM2902B (continued)

at TA = 25°C, VS = 36V (±18V), VCM = VS / 2, and RLOAD = 10kΩ connected to VS / 2 (unless otherwise noted)

Figure 6-13. Input Voltage Noise Spectral Density vs Frequency

Figure 6-14. THD+N Ratio vs Frequency, G = 1

Figure 6-15. THD+N Ratio vs Frequency, G = –1

Figure 6-16. THD+N vs Output Amplitude, G = 1

Figure 6-17. THD+N vs Output Amplitude, G = –1

Figure 6-18. Quiescent Current vs Supply Voltage

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6.11 Typical Characteristics: LM324B and LM2902B (continued)

at TA = 25°C, VS = 36V (±18V), VCM = VS / 2, and RLOAD = 10kΩ connected to VS / 2 (unless otherwise noted)

Figure 6-19. Quiescent Current vs Temperature

Figure 6-20. Open-Loop Output Impedance vs Frequency

Figure 6-21. Small-Signal Overshoot vs Capacitive Load

Figure 6-22. Small-Signal Overshoot vs Capacitive Load

Figure 6-23. Phase Margin vs Capacitive Load

Figure 6-24. Overload Recovery (Positive Rail)

LM124, LM124A, LM224, LM224A, LM224K, LM224KA LM324, LM324A, LM324B, LM324BA, LM324K, LM324KA LM2902, LM2902B, LM2902BA, LM2902K, LM2902KAV, LM2902KV SLOS066AE – AUGUST 1975 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2025

6.11 Typical Characteristics: LM324B and LM2902B (continued)

at TA = 25°C, VS = 36V (±18V), VCM = VS / 2, and RLOAD = 10kΩ connected to VS / 2 (unless otherwise noted)

Figure 6-25. Overload Recovery (Negative Rail)

Figure 6-26. Small-Signal Step Response, G = 1

Figure 6-27. Small-Signal Step Response, G = –1

Figure 6-28. Large-Signal Step Response (Falling)

Figure 6-29. Large-Signal Step Response, G = 1

Figure 6-30. Large-Signal Step Response, G = –1

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6.11 Typical Characteristics: LM324B and LM2902B (continued)

at TA = 25°C, VS = 36V (±18V), VCM = VS / 2, and RLOAD = 10kΩ connected to VS / 2 (unless otherwise noted)

Figure 6-31. Short-Circuit Current vs Temperature

Figure 6-32. Maximum Output Voltage vs Frequency

Figure 6-33. Channel Separation vs Frequency

Figure 6-34. EMIRR (Electromagnetic Interference Rejection Ratio) vs Frequency

LM124, LM124A, LM224, LM224A, LM224K, LM224KA LM324, LM324A, LM324B, LM324BA, LM324K, LM324KA LM2902, LM2902B, LM2902BA, LM2902K, LM2902KAV, LM2902KV SLOS066AE – AUGUST 1975 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2025

6.12 Typical Characteristics: All Devices Except B and BA Versions

Figure 6-35. Output Sinking Characteristics

Figure 6-36. Output Sourcing Characteristics

Figure 6-37. Source Current Limiting

Figure 6-38. Voltage Follower Large-Signal Response (50pF)

Figure 6-39. Common-Mode Rejection Ratio

Figure 6-40. Maximum Output Swing vs Frequency

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