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- Ulrik Smed
July 19, 2014, 6:23 pm

Hej
Jeg er ved at lave en stepup til nogle solceller. Fra 60V til 230Vdc, ca.
80W. Det er en klassisk stepup eller boost converter, spole i serie, FET til
stel, diode i serie, lyt til stel.
Nogen der har nogle tricks til den slags? Snubber, seriespoler,
rigtig varmen.
Jeg er ved at lave en stepup til nogle solceller. Fra 60V til 230Vdc, ca.
80W. Det er en klassisk stepup eller boost converter, spole i serie, FET til
stel, diode i serie, lyt til stel.
Nogen der har nogle tricks til den slags? Snubber, seriespoler,
rigtig varmen.
--
Ulrik Smed
Aarhus
Ulrik Smed
Aarhus

Re: Bygge switchmode, for varm FET




Hej Ulrik
Det kan (sjovt nok) skyldes flere ting:
arbejdscyklen.
SMPS using UC3842 - And related problems [hvis du overvejer xx3842 skal
http://www.sonsivri.to/forum/index.php?topic49%329.0
Citat: "...
Mosfet heat is result of normaly two things,
1 on resistance of mosfet
2. insufficient drive volt.
..."
UCC 3800/1/2/3/4/5 BiCMOS CURRENT MODE CONTROL ICs:
http://www.ti.com/lit/an/slua149/slua149.pdf
Differences Between the UCC3813 and UCC3800 PWM Families:
http://www.ti.com/lit/an/slua247/slua247.pdf
Citat: "...The UCC3813 family is a lower-cost version of the UCC3800
family of industry standard PWM controllers..."
Andre varianter som er ringere end ucc380x-familien er:
UCC38C43
MIC38HC43-1
Does a MOSFET need a gate resistor?:
http://www.electro-tech-online.com/threads/does-a-mosfet-need-a-gate-resistor.87419/
Citat: "...
A gate resistor limits the instantaneous current that is drawn when the
FET is turned on. If you are driving a FET directly from a low-current
device (microcontroller or logic gate) then gate resistors are
recommended. Anywhere from 5 to 100 ohms is fine. They also can be
viewed as slew-rate limiting devices for the gate signal, or as devices
to eliminate ringing at the gate.
If you are driving the FET from something like a dedicated half bridge
driver or similar then they can be eliminated, the drivers are usually
meant to be directly connected to the FET.
..."
-
Design Tips:
https://web.archive.org/web/20070611173502/http://www.ridleyengineering.com/tips.html
Switching-Mode Power Supply Design Problem List:
http://www.smpstech.com/problems.htm
http://www.smpstech.com/tmos0000.htm
Se afsnit 3.1.2 pdf-side 8-9:
http://www.infineon.com/dgdl/Infineon+-+Application+Note+-+Discrete+IGBT+-+TRENCHSTOP+SMPS.pdf?folderId=db3a30433a047ba0013a69f8f64c0705&fileId=db3a304342e8be2c014309ec86002133
Glenn

Re: Bygge switchmode, for varm FET
On 20/07/14 08.56, Ulrik Smed wrote:
...



in stock
packaging (alt andet end reel) fx:
bulk
Cut tape
tray
tube
Valgt min. Vds 500V og op.
Valgt fra min til max. ca 200mOhm
Valgt C input fra min til max. ca 1300 pF
36 fund
http://www.digikey.dk/product-detail/en/STP24N60M2/497-13556-5-ND/3881001
Citat: "...
600V
18A (Tc)
Gate Charge (Qg) @ Vgs 29nC @ 10V
Input Capacitance (Ciss) @ Vds 1060pF @ 100V
..."
http://www.st.com/web/en/resource/technical/document/datasheet/DM00070788.pdf
Citat: "...
These devices are N-channel Power MOSFETs developed using a new
generation of MDmeshTM technology: MDmesh II PlusTM low Qg. These
revolutionary Power MOSFETs associate a vertical structure to the
company's strip layout to yield one of the world's lowest on-resistance
and gate charge. They are therefore suitable for the most demanding high
efficiency converters.
...
Crss 2,2pF
..."
Jeg fandt fx:
http://www.digikey.dk/product-detail/en/STP24N60M2/497-13556-5-ND/3881001
PS: Det var ikke den billigste, men det var fra et firma jeg kendte.
-
Den "billigste" var:
AOTF29S50L:
http://www.digikey.dk/product-detail/en/AOTF29S50L/785-1444-5-ND/3603392
-
En anden:
STF31N65M5:
http://www.digikey.dk/product-detail/en/STF31N65M5/497-13101-5-ND/3474312
-
Dioder
http://www.digikey.dk/product-search/en/discrete-semiconductor-products/diodes-rectifiers-single/1376383
in stock
packaging (alt andet end reel) fx:
bulk
Cut tape
tray
tube
Voltage fx
600-1200V
Current fx
5-10A
66 fund
sorter efter pris (unit price)
PS: Du ved hvis du har sorteret forkert, da den dyreste koster ca.
4000kr :-)
Den billigste koster:
13kr
Silicon Carbide Schottky
1200V (1.2kV)
5.9A
No Recovery Time > 500mA (Io) [!]
Reverse Recovery Time (trr) 0ns
http://www.digikey.dk/product-detail/en/C4D02120A/C4D02120A-ND/2679410
Datablad:
http://www.cree.com/~/media/Files/Cree/Power/Data%20Sheets/C4D02120A.pdf
Citat: "...
Features
* 1.2kV Schottky Rectifier
* Zero Reverse Recovery Current
* High-Frequency Operation
* Temperature-Independent Switching
* Extremely Fast Switching
Benefits
* Replace Bipolar with Unipolar Rectifiers
* Essentially No Switching Losses
* Higher Efficiency
* Reduction of Heat Sink Requirements
* Parallel Devices Without Thermal Runaway
..."
-
SiC MOSFETs (SiCFET):
http://www.digikey.dk/product-search/en/discrete-semiconductor-products/fets-single/1376381?k=sic&stock=1
(lidt falske med)
Der er 16 fund.
Et lille stykke nede er der en med 156mOhm og 650V:
SCT2120AFC:
http://www.digikey.dk/product-detail/en/SCT2120AFC/SCT2120AFC-ND/4171679
650V
29A (Tc)
156 mOhm @ 10A, 18V
61nC @ 18V
1200pF @ 500V
Datablad findes via google:
http://www.rohm.com/web/global/products/-/product/SCT2120AF
http://rohmfs.rohm.com/en/products/databook/datasheet/discrete/sic/mosfet/sct2120af.pdf
"...
Crss 13pF ved 200V+
..."
Hvorfor SiC?:
Sep 1, 2007 Reduce Circuit Zapping From Cosmic Radiation:
http://powerelectronics.com/power_semiconductors/power_mosfets/circuit-zapping-cosmic-radiation-0907/
http://powerelectronics.com/site-files/powerelectronics.com/files/archive/powerelectronics.com/mag/709PET21.pdf
Citat: "...
About 90% of high-energy particles at ground level are neutrons.
...
For example, the wide bandgap of silicon carbide makes it much more
radiation hardened than conventional silicon. Diodes are also less
susceptible to SEB than MOSFETs and IGBTs, but they are still susceptible.
...
Like semiconductor technology, the applied voltage stress has a
significant effect on the SEB failure rate. Increasing the applied
voltage greatly increases the probability of SEB failures. Conversely,
decreasing the applied voltage greatly increases reliability, as will be
shown.
..."
-
Omtale:
Jun. 19, 2013, SiC MOSFETs Enable Next-Generation Solar Inverters
http://powerelectronics.com/products/sic-mosfets-enable-next-generation-solar-inverters
High-Temperature 1200 V/10 A SiC MOSFET
http://powerelectronics.com/discrete-power-semis/high-temperature-1200-v10-sic-mosfet
-
Jul. 3, 2013, eGaN FET ? Silicon Power Shoot Out: A Retrospective
When a new technology is introduced, it is not reasonable to think that
engineers will intuitively know how to effectively and efficiently take
advantage of the performance enhancements that the new technology offers
? there is always a learning curve. This is being borne out in the case
of the rapidly emerging technology of high performance gallium nitride
transistors.
http://powerelectronics.com/gan-transistors/egan-fet-silicon-power-shoot-out-retrospective?page=1
-
May 1, 2007 A New Way to Model Current-Mode Control
http://powerelectronics.com/power_management/pwm_controllers/model-current-mode-control-0507/
http://powerelectronics.com/power_management/pwm_controllers/705PET20.pdf
"...
This article aims to demystify current-mode control, and cut through the
myths and misconceptions of its operation.
..."
Jun 1, 2007 A New Way to Model Current-Mode Control
http://powerelectronics.com/mag/model-current-mode-control-0607/
http://powerelectronics.com/mag/706PET21.pdf
Aug 1, 2007 Stacked-Ceramic Caps Brave High Temperatures
http://powerelectronics.com/passive_components_packaging_interconnects/capacitors/stacked-ceramic-caps-smps-0807/
http://powerelectronics.com/passive_components_packaging_interconnects/capacitors/708PET24.pdf
X9U, X8R
Glenn
...



in stock
packaging (alt andet end reel) fx:
bulk
Cut tape
tray
tube
Valgt min. Vds 500V og op.
Valgt fra min til max. ca 200mOhm
Valgt C input fra min til max. ca 1300 pF
36 fund
http://www.digikey.dk/product-detail/en/STP24N60M2/497-13556-5-ND/3881001
Citat: "...
600V
18A (Tc)
Gate Charge (Qg) @ Vgs 29nC @ 10V
Input Capacitance (Ciss) @ Vds 1060pF @ 100V
..."
http://www.st.com/web/en/resource/technical/document/datasheet/DM00070788.pdf
Citat: "...
These devices are N-channel Power MOSFETs developed using a new
generation of MDmeshTM technology: MDmesh II PlusTM low Qg. These
revolutionary Power MOSFETs associate a vertical structure to the
company's strip layout to yield one of the world's lowest on-resistance
and gate charge. They are therefore suitable for the most demanding high
efficiency converters.
...
Crss 2,2pF
..."
Jeg fandt fx:
http://www.digikey.dk/product-detail/en/STP24N60M2/497-13556-5-ND/3881001
PS: Det var ikke den billigste, men det var fra et firma jeg kendte.
-
Den "billigste" var:
AOTF29S50L:
http://www.digikey.dk/product-detail/en/AOTF29S50L/785-1444-5-ND/3603392
-
En anden:
STF31N65M5:
http://www.digikey.dk/product-detail/en/STF31N65M5/497-13101-5-ND/3474312
-
Dioder
http://www.digikey.dk/product-search/en/discrete-semiconductor-products/diodes-rectifiers-single/1376383
in stock
packaging (alt andet end reel) fx:
bulk
Cut tape
tray
tube
Voltage fx
600-1200V
Current fx
5-10A
66 fund
sorter efter pris (unit price)
PS: Du ved hvis du har sorteret forkert, da den dyreste koster ca.
4000kr :-)
Den billigste koster:
13kr
Silicon Carbide Schottky
1200V (1.2kV)
5.9A
No Recovery Time > 500mA (Io) [!]
Reverse Recovery Time (trr) 0ns
http://www.digikey.dk/product-detail/en/C4D02120A/C4D02120A-ND/2679410
Datablad:
http://www.cree.com/~/media/Files/Cree/Power/Data%20Sheets/C4D02120A.pdf
Citat: "...
Features
* 1.2kV Schottky Rectifier
* Zero Reverse Recovery Current
* High-Frequency Operation
* Temperature-Independent Switching
* Extremely Fast Switching
Benefits
* Replace Bipolar with Unipolar Rectifiers
* Essentially No Switching Losses
* Higher Efficiency
* Reduction of Heat Sink Requirements
* Parallel Devices Without Thermal Runaway
..."
-
SiC MOSFETs (SiCFET):
http://www.digikey.dk/product-search/en/discrete-semiconductor-products/fets-single/1376381?k=sic&stock=1
(lidt falske med)
Der er 16 fund.
Et lille stykke nede er der en med 156mOhm og 650V:
SCT2120AFC:
http://www.digikey.dk/product-detail/en/SCT2120AFC/SCT2120AFC-ND/4171679
650V
29A (Tc)
156 mOhm @ 10A, 18V
61nC @ 18V
1200pF @ 500V
Datablad findes via google:
http://www.rohm.com/web/global/products/-/product/SCT2120AF
http://rohmfs.rohm.com/en/products/databook/datasheet/discrete/sic/mosfet/sct2120af.pdf
"...
Crss 13pF ved 200V+
..."
Hvorfor SiC?:
Sep 1, 2007 Reduce Circuit Zapping From Cosmic Radiation:
http://powerelectronics.com/power_semiconductors/power_mosfets/circuit-zapping-cosmic-radiation-0907/
http://powerelectronics.com/site-files/powerelectronics.com/files/archive/powerelectronics.com/mag/709PET21.pdf
Citat: "...
About 90% of high-energy particles at ground level are neutrons.
...
For example, the wide bandgap of silicon carbide makes it much more
radiation hardened than conventional silicon. Diodes are also less
susceptible to SEB than MOSFETs and IGBTs, but they are still susceptible.
...
Like semiconductor technology, the applied voltage stress has a
significant effect on the SEB failure rate. Increasing the applied
voltage greatly increases the probability of SEB failures. Conversely,
decreasing the applied voltage greatly increases reliability, as will be
shown.
..."
-
Omtale:
Jun. 19, 2013, SiC MOSFETs Enable Next-Generation Solar Inverters
http://powerelectronics.com/products/sic-mosfets-enable-next-generation-solar-inverters
High-Temperature 1200 V/10 A SiC MOSFET
http://powerelectronics.com/discrete-power-semis/high-temperature-1200-v10-sic-mosfet
-
Jul. 3, 2013, eGaN FET ? Silicon Power Shoot Out: A Retrospective
When a new technology is introduced, it is not reasonable to think that
engineers will intuitively know how to effectively and efficiently take
advantage of the performance enhancements that the new technology offers
? there is always a learning curve. This is being borne out in the case
of the rapidly emerging technology of high performance gallium nitride
transistors.
http://powerelectronics.com/gan-transistors/egan-fet-silicon-power-shoot-out-retrospective?page=1
-
May 1, 2007 A New Way to Model Current-Mode Control
http://powerelectronics.com/power_management/pwm_controllers/model-current-mode-control-0507/
http://powerelectronics.com/power_management/pwm_controllers/705PET20.pdf
"...
This article aims to demystify current-mode control, and cut through the
myths and misconceptions of its operation.
..."
Jun 1, 2007 A New Way to Model Current-Mode Control
http://powerelectronics.com/mag/model-current-mode-control-0607/
http://powerelectronics.com/mag/706PET21.pdf
Aug 1, 2007 Stacked-Ceramic Caps Brave High Temperatures
http://powerelectronics.com/passive_components_packaging_interconnects/capacitors/stacked-ceramic-caps-smps-0807/
http://powerelectronics.com/passive_components_packaging_interconnects/capacitors/708PET24.pdf
X9U, X8R
Glenn

Re: Bygge switchmode, for varm FET [ mere SiC ]
Sep 1, 2008 Silicon Carbide MOSFETs Challenge IGBTs
http://powerelectronics.com/power_semiconductors/power_mosfets/silicon_carbide_mosfets_igbt-809/
Citat: "...
SiC also offers a substantially reduced on-resistance variation over its
range of 20%, compared with 200% to 300% for Si. The SiC MOSFET die is
plastic package.
..."
http://powerelectronics.com/power_semiconductors/power_mosfets/809PET-silicon-carbide-MOSFETs-IGBT.pdf
25 August, 2004, BBC News: Door open for silicon replacement:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3598836.stm
Citat: "...
Previous research has already shown that even at red-hot temperatures as
high as 650C (1,202F), silicon carbide devices can function unperturbed
and without the need for cooling.
...
One exciting application for silicon carbide could be in deep-space
missions, where nuclear power would be needed for the craft.
Radiation-hardened silicon carbide devices would reduce the shielding
needed to protect reactor control electronics
..."
Oct 28, 2011, powerelectronics.com: SiC ?Super? Junction Transistors
Deliver High Temp Performance:
http://powerelectronics.com/power_semiconductors/sic/sic-super-junction-transistors-high-temp-performance-1111/
Citat: "...
GeneSiC?s SiC-based 1200 V/220 m? Super Junction Transistors (SJTs)
switching transitions (< 15 ns)
...
..."
-
-
Supplerende om smps generelt:
Jul 1, 2008, No Heatsink Needed for 200-W Buck-Boost Supply:
http://powerelectronics.com/power_management/pwm_controllers/no_heatsink_200-w_buck_supply/
http://powerelectronics.com/power_management/pwm_controllers/807PET07-no-heatsink-buck-boost-supply.pdf
Glenn

Re: Bygge switchmode, for varm FET
On 19/07/14 20.23, Ulrik Smed wrote:

...
Cuk-konverter topologien i stedet?:
https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuk-konverter
http://www.boostbuck.com/IsolationoftheCukConverter.html
http://www.boostbuck.com/HistoricalPerspective.html
Citat: "...The point is that many topologies can be more or less made to
work for a given application! What is weird but true is that the
boostbuck (Cuk) converter works better than all the rest!..."
http://www.boostbuck.com/
http://www.boostbuck.com/BypassingaCapacitor.html
http://www.boostbuck.com/WhenNottoDesignWiththeBoostbuckFamilyofCo.html
kommercielt).
-
ANALYSIS OF SNUBBING METHODS FOR ISOLATED CUK CONVERTER USED IN ...
http://homepage.mac.com/rbarline/.cv/rbarline/Public/Snubbing%20Methods.pdf-link.pdf
Dr. Slobodan Cuk
Power Electronics Group, California Institute of Technology
http://web.archive.org/web/20010808074149/www.cco.caltech.edu/~peg/cuk.html
http://www.cco.caltech.edu/~peg/links.html
-
-
Feb 1, 2008 Bridgeless PFC Boosts Low-Line Efficiency
http://powerelectronics.com/power_management/power_ics/bridgeless-pfc-low-line-efficiency-0225/
http://powerelectronics.com/site-files/powerelectronics.com/files/archive/powerelectronics.com/mag/802PET20.pdf
Dr. Slobodan Cuk:
Del 1:
Jul 1, 2010, True Bridgeless PFC Converter Achieves Over 98% Efficiency,
0.999 Power Factor:
http://powerelectronics.com/power-management/true-bridgeless-pfc-converter-achieves-over-98-efficiency-0999-power-factor
Del 2:
Aug 1, 2010, True Bridgeless PFC Converter Achieves Over 98% Efficiency,
0.999 Power Factor: Part 2:
http://powerelectronics.com/regulators/true-bridgeless-pfc-converter-achieves-over-98-efficiency-0999-power-factor-part-2
http://powerelectronics.com/site-files/powerelectronics.com/files/archive/powerelectronics.com/images/DesignFeature_BridgelessPC.pdf
VIP - med diagram:
Del 3:
Oct 1, 2010, Single-Stage Isolated Bridgeless PFC Converter Achieves
Over 98% Efficiency, 0.999 Power Factor:
http://powerelectronics.com/regulators/single-stage-isolated-bridgeless-pfc-converter-achieves-over-98-efficiency-0999-power-f-0
http://powerelectronics.com/site-files/powerelectronics.com/files/archive/powerelectronics.com/images/SingleStagePFCconverter.pdf
-
http://www.google.dk/search?q=RB-IGBT
Application Characteristics of an Experimental RB-IGBT (Reverse Blocking
IGBT) Module:
http://www.pwrx.com/pwrx/app/04ias42p4.PDF
A High Efficiency Indirect Matrix Converter Utilizing RB-IGBTs:
http://www.pes.ee.ethz.ch/uploads/tx_ethpublications/friedli_PESC06.pdf
Glenn

...
Cuk-konverter topologien i stedet?:
https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuk-konverter
http://www.boostbuck.com/IsolationoftheCukConverter.html
http://www.boostbuck.com/HistoricalPerspective.html
Citat: "...The point is that many topologies can be more or less made to
work for a given application! What is weird but true is that the
boostbuck (Cuk) converter works better than all the rest!..."
http://www.boostbuck.com/
http://www.boostbuck.com/BypassingaCapacitor.html
http://www.boostbuck.com/WhenNottoDesignWiththeBoostbuckFamilyofCo.html
kommercielt).
-
ANALYSIS OF SNUBBING METHODS FOR ISOLATED CUK CONVERTER USED IN ...
http://homepage.mac.com/rbarline/.cv/rbarline/Public/Snubbing%20Methods.pdf-link.pdf
Dr. Slobodan Cuk
Power Electronics Group, California Institute of Technology
http://web.archive.org/web/20010808074149/www.cco.caltech.edu/~peg/cuk.html
http://www.cco.caltech.edu/~peg/links.html
-
-
Feb 1, 2008 Bridgeless PFC Boosts Low-Line Efficiency
http://powerelectronics.com/power_management/power_ics/bridgeless-pfc-low-line-efficiency-0225/
http://powerelectronics.com/site-files/powerelectronics.com/files/archive/powerelectronics.com/mag/802PET20.pdf
Dr. Slobodan Cuk:
Del 1:
Jul 1, 2010, True Bridgeless PFC Converter Achieves Over 98% Efficiency,
0.999 Power Factor:
http://powerelectronics.com/power-management/true-bridgeless-pfc-converter-achieves-over-98-efficiency-0999-power-factor
Del 2:
Aug 1, 2010, True Bridgeless PFC Converter Achieves Over 98% Efficiency,
0.999 Power Factor: Part 2:
http://powerelectronics.com/regulators/true-bridgeless-pfc-converter-achieves-over-98-efficiency-0999-power-factor-part-2
http://powerelectronics.com/site-files/powerelectronics.com/files/archive/powerelectronics.com/images/DesignFeature_BridgelessPC.pdf
VIP - med diagram:
Del 3:
Oct 1, 2010, Single-Stage Isolated Bridgeless PFC Converter Achieves
Over 98% Efficiency, 0.999 Power Factor:
http://powerelectronics.com/regulators/single-stage-isolated-bridgeless-pfc-converter-achieves-over-98-efficiency-0999-power-f-0
http://powerelectronics.com/site-files/powerelectronics.com/files/archive/powerelectronics.com/images/SingleStagePFCconverter.pdf
-
http://www.google.dk/search?q=RB-IGBT
Application Characteristics of an Experimental RB-IGBT (Reverse Blocking
IGBT) Module:
http://www.pwrx.com/pwrx/app/04ias42p4.PDF
A High Efficiency Indirect Matrix Converter Utilizing RB-IGBTs:
http://www.pes.ee.ethz.ch/uploads/tx_ethpublications/friedli_PESC06.pdf
Glenn

Re: Bygge switchmode, for varm FET
On 20/07/14 22.13, Ulrik Smed wrote:



Hej Ulrik
in-line kommunikation.
energi begge veje.
-
MAC250-230??:
GWL/Power Solar Micro Inverter Grid-tied [linken siger GridFree???]
DC/AC 230V, 230W CE, Involar MAC250A
Art.#: GF-MAC230A
http://www.ev-power.eu/Micro-Inverters-1/GridFree-Micro-AC-Direct-Invertor-DC-AC-230V-230W-CE.html
GridFree MicroInverters
http://www.ev-power.eu/GridFree-Inverters/
GWL/Power Solar Micro Inverter Grid-tied DC/AC 230V, 230W CE, Involar
MAC250A
Art.#: GF-MAC230A
http://www.ev-power.eu/GridFree-Inverters/GridFree-Micro-AC-Direct-Invertor-DC-AC-230V-230W-CE.html
Positivliste over godkendte vekselrettere for brug til ... - Energinet.dk:
http://energinet.dk/SiteCollectionDocuments/Danske%20dokumenter/El/Positivliste_over_godkendte_vekselrettere_for_brug_til_solcelleanl%C3%A6g_i_Danmark.pdf
Citat: "...
Only in plant with central protection unit in front of it
..."
Glenn



Hej Ulrik
in-line kommunikation.
energi begge veje.
-
MAC250-230??:
GWL/Power Solar Micro Inverter Grid-tied [linken siger GridFree???]
DC/AC 230V, 230W CE, Involar MAC250A
Art.#: GF-MAC230A
http://www.ev-power.eu/Micro-Inverters-1/GridFree-Micro-AC-Direct-Invertor-DC-AC-230V-230W-CE.html
GridFree MicroInverters
http://www.ev-power.eu/GridFree-Inverters/
GWL/Power Solar Micro Inverter Grid-tied DC/AC 230V, 230W CE, Involar
MAC250A
Art.#: GF-MAC230A
http://www.ev-power.eu/GridFree-Inverters/GridFree-Micro-AC-Direct-Invertor-DC-AC-230V-230W-CE.html
Positivliste over godkendte vekselrettere for brug til ... - Energinet.dk:
http://energinet.dk/SiteCollectionDocuments/Danske%20dokumenter/El/Positivliste_over_godkendte_vekselrettere_for_brug_til_solcelleanl%C3%A6g_i_Danmark.pdf
Citat: "...
Only in plant with central protection unit in front of it
..."
Glenn
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