I have a 12 volt dc 690 rpm permanent magnet motor that I'm wanting to use as a wind generator. The problem is that when I spin the shaft at
15 to 20 mph it produces 30 to 45 dc volts. I would like to regulate it down to a constant 14 volts or figure out how to convert it to ac voltage . Any ideas
I presume you cite 14 volts because you want to charge a battery bank with it. The battery bank will hold the voltage down without use of a regulator. You can use a dump load to keep from overcharging. Regarding turbine stalling and various other issues, I am not qualified to address them, but you will meet some real whizzes at fieldlines that have impressive experience and knowledge of alternative power.
when the batteries are charged, you need to "dump" the power the wind turbine is putting out. You need a load; just disconnecting the turbine electrically is a very bad idea because then there is no resistance, and the turbine can overspin and destroy itself (this does happen). And yes, you could use a contactor and resistors, but they must be very high power resistors. Some people use a water heater as a dump load, for example. You will need a dump load controller circuit. I could talk about it in theory but since I lack hands-on experience I won't presume to advise you. I suggest you go to fieldlines.com and search the site for information about dump load controllers, then go on the board and make a post asking for advice. That way you'll have demonstrated that you have already put a little effort in by searching before requesting help, and you will get more respect on the board.
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