Interestingly enough, this receiver has a headphone jack.
I own a pair - fine product.
The nominal impedance of the HD 580 s are about 300 ohms, but their impedance curve wanders around a bit, maybe within a 2:1 range over the audio band.
All the time. Since the early days of headphones, series resistors have been used to reduce power amp output to a range that is suitable for headphones. The traditional series resistor has been about 100 ohms for phones in the 8-16 ohm range.
Depends what you call "work". ;-)
The usual problem with a series resistance is that it often provides a high source impedance to the headphone. 3K is very high.
If the headphone's impedance curve varies signficantly, the combination of the series resistor and the impedance of the headphone makes up a fixed-adjusted equalizer. It changes the frequency response of the transfer characteristic from the amp output to the listener's ear. It might make the headphones sound boomy, tinny, dull, excessively bright or just plain weird.
It will work.
There are two common approaches to this problem. One is to use a headphone amplifier that provides a lower source impedance, and can bypass the power amp completely. The other is to change the design of the headphone attenuator for the power amp into a different sort of network that provides a lower source impedance.
Just a rough cut at a different sort of network. Roughly speaking, a 3 K ohm resistor in series with a 300 ohm resistor gives about 21 dB attenuation. You can also get about that much attenuation using a 300 ohm resistor in series with a 30 ohm resistor. Neither network will appreciably load down a good power amp. The second network will provide a 100+ times lower source impedance, one that is in the same range as is commonly provided by headphone amplifiers.