conservation of Euros

Of edible foods. It isn't a good idea to eat tables or chairs for instance. Too much protein, fat or carbohydrate can be bad. The Atkins guy with the faddish low carb slimming scheme didn't live all that long.

His slimming scheme worked but put a lot of stress on the body.

I suspect you should blame the corn lobby. Congress critters were only doing what they were paid to do (with used notes in brown envelopes).

In Silicon valley you can get Coke made with real sucrose from Mexico.

Regards, Martin Brown

Lots of fiber.

That's the point of eating the right amount of everything. Eat one thing and you get to much of one dietary component.

No, the corn lobby has nothing to do with it. The sugar lobby is responsible for the sugar price supports.

I suppose bank robbers are OK, too, because they're only doing what they're paid to do.

At (somebody said) $1.50 a pop. That leaves $7/sixpack for the sugar lobby.

Raw 2*4s are cheaper! ;-)

I spent a year at the US Army cold weather research center in the early '70s. Dry, cracked and bleeding skin was second to frostbite as a major health problem. Zero humidity, and below -20F through the winter. The record low for that site was -69F. It was quite easy to become dehydrated when you were outdoors. The newer buildings had steam heat that raised the humidity to an almost acceptable level. You still had to use handfuls of baby oil after your shower, to seal in as much moisture as possible.

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The grandaughters do better if granny survives until they appear. There was an interesting research result published recently.

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I never said that it did. It is still one of the mechanisms in action. Other mechanisms seem to duplicate fairly long stretches of genetic material, sometimes including complete genes, which can then differentiate from their source version and end up doing something else - the hox genes are the classic example

Don't try

They aren't. Africa has the highest level of genetic diversity. The slave traders did import some of that diversity inot the USA, but sampled a fairly limited populations.

Some Americans have genotypes that differ from other Americans. Some American do get fat, while others - like you - don't. All Americans inherit their own geneotypes and - for all except identical siblings - each genotype is different. To think that my comment implied that Americans represent a race having a common genotype is obviously silly, and I can't imagine how you managed to read that into my comment. You can be remarkably ignorant, but not that dumb.

-- Bill Sloman, Nijmegen

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They never worried me, but I don't ski - there are cheaper ways to break a leg.

True, but irrelevant. Not doing something isn't actually a skill. Getting a Dutch employer to hire a 67-year-old would seem to require a skill that I haven't got, but there's not much evidence that anybody in the Netherlands has ever mastered it, so maybe you could interest yourself in some more achievable goal?

Really?

Not at the moment. If I did manage to find myself a job, I'd have less tine to point out when you were spouting nonsense, so I can understand your enthusiasm for seeing me more profitably occupied, but don't try and persuade us that my incapacity to get a job makes your output any less ill-informed.

-- Bill Sloman, Nijmegen

Do some real electronics and tell us about it.

Measuring (not simulating) the Early effect feedthrough on the c-multiplier would be an easy start and would be interesting to a number of posters here.

John

The John Lewis Partnership and the Co-operative Group in the U.K. don't work that way

but a parochial Californian like James Arthur might not know this.

The idea goes back almost a century earlier, and has had more competent exponents. Not that your sources would have told you about them.

If it actually were a co-operative, the majority would have worked out how to curtail discussion. It's not difficult to persuade a loquacious minority that their audience isn't all that interested - though the techniques that work when the audience is physically present don't work here.

Not so much "cool" as "consistent with your prejudices".

If they'd applied their ignorance to creating a capitalist utopia - something based on Ayn Rand perhaps - they could have failed just as abjectly.

-- Bill Sloman, Nijmegen

Americans who have never heard of successful cooperative organisations find it difficult to believe in them.

Americans who get their news from a right-wing press don't have access to all that much reality. Greegor does seem to value his ignorance.

I think Gregor is saying that in the US anybody over 18 realises that it is wise to act as if right-wing propaganda should be taken seriously, rather than rejected as transparently self-serving drivel.

Some members of this user-group post a lot of transparent drivel. I amuse myself by pointing out the more nonsensical aspects of their posts.

Most retired people have a hobby. Mine is reviling nitwits. If this user group had socialist nitwits, I'd revile them too.

-- Bill Sloman, Nijmegen

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And your evidence to support this claim is? I didn't say that investment had stopped - merely that there wasn't all that much of it because it was cheaper to ship low-skilled work to low wage countries. My authority is Alan Greenspan's autobiography.

-- Bill Sloman, Nijmegen

The bulk of the R&D costs of drug development is paid for by the companies developing the drugs, and recovered from the people who buy the drugs, many of them outside the US. The US healthcare cost per head is directly comparable with the healthcare costs per head in Frnce and Germany, which are only two-thirds as high. The French and German doctors use the same drugs as their US equivalents, and since all of their patients are fully insured - as compared with 65% of US patients (another 20% of US patients are under-insured) they probably cover a larger proportion of the drug development costs than their US equivalents.

-- Bill Sloman, Nijmegen

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What c-multiplier? I've been away for a week.

-- Bill Sloman, Nijmegen

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Broad hint: look for a thread whose title includes the word "C-multiplier"

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Interesting thread. The Gummel-Poon model - as used in Spice and freely available from most manufacturers - doesn't model the Early effect all that accurately.

LTSpice will also use the rather better VBIC model if you can get hold of the parameters. The manufacturers don't make them available, and when I wanted them I couldn't get any via any of the - very limited - personal contacts I've got.

You can - in theory - measure them yourself, but you need to do it on enough transistors to get some idea of the production spread (which you won't necessarily get by measuring a succession of transistors from the same batch).

Many years ago I was worried about the temperature coefficient of the Early effect, but sanity set in before we got worried enough to start measuring it - we finally solved our problem in a slightly more expensive way that wasn't sensitive to the Early effect.

-- Bill Sloman, Nijmegen

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Interesting thread. The Gummel-Poon model - as used in Spice and freely available from most manufacturers - doesn't model the Early effect all that accurately.

LTSpice will also use the rather better VBIC model if you can get hold of the parameters. The manufacturers don't make them available, and when I wanted them I couldn't get any via any of the - very limited - personal contacts I've got.

You can - in theory - measure them yourself, but you need to do it on enough transistors to get some idea of the production spread (which you won't necessarily get by measuring a succession of transistors from the same batch).

Many years ago I was worried about the temperature coefficient of the Early effect, but sanity set in before we got worried enough to start measuring it - we finally solved our problem in a slightly more expensive way that wasn't sensitive to the Early effect.

-- Bill Sloman, Nijmegen

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Models, models! Can't anybody solder any more?

In theory?

Semiconductors are generally pretty consistant. And when you don't know if the Early voltage is 50 or 5000, and you don't trust the models, measurement is the thing to do.

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Simulation is quicker, and easier to probe.

The Gummel-Poon model isn't too good at low collector voltages, but manufacturer's Gummel-Poon data isn't going to give you a 10:1 uncertainty - or anything like it - in the Early contribution to Vbe at collector voltages above a few volts.

You want your c-muliplier to work with a Vce around 200mV, so you probably do need a VBIC simulation, or a well-instrumented real circuit =3D measuring 140dB of rejection is demanding.

-- Bill Sloman, Nijmegen

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And often useless in predicting how real electronics will work. Oops, did I say "work"? Sorry.

No, it's not all that hard, although I doubt I'll get anything like

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And occcasionally misleading about real circuits, but then bread- boards can be misleading too, but you wouldn't admit that any of your bread-boards had lead you to the wrong conclusion, would you.

Your enthusiasm for work is an example to us all, though you probably pay yourself better than any other employer would - who else would believe your claims about the quality of the work you do (let alone think you can do)?

-- Bill Sloman, Nijmegen