Putting together special purpose boxes is even more expensive. There are handful of more or less standard connection schemes, and they mostly can be made to work well enough in all but the most demanding applications.
Who doesn't. Back in the late 1980's I did the serious stuff in ECL. When the programmable parts got faster in the 1990's they offered a more compact way of giving the ECL what it needed.
The catch with doing fast stuff in TTL or HCMOS is the hash it generates on the power rails. ECL is a lot quieter, and if you are doing any mixed signal stuff this can be an real advantage. FPGA's aren't going to be all that quiet, but at least its all in the one package.
But being unenlightened about the spelling of enlightenment is a particularly comic pratfall. If you had a sense of humor you might have realised this.
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A
albert
The intent of the Ukrain war is to destroy the EU (mission accomplished) and Russia (not so much).
Maybe Trump is a blessing in disguise. He sped up an alternative world order around BRICS, that promises to work better than the USA hegemony. Lately even India saw its GDP rising. IMF is on the retreat.
The Chinese promote development, instead of civil wars. It looks that is more profitable in the longer run. A good example is Indonesia. Formerly they exported 8 billion US$ if nickel ore. Now they export 24 billion US$ nickel fabricates.
Groetjes Albert
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john larkin
The EU as a giant bureaucracy deserves some disassembly.
Russia's main exports are now death (short term) and talent (long term, with some genetic component.)
I'm looking for talent and meeting lots of russian expats here. Just hired one; we had an interview that extended to six hours, until we both had to leave. We are both interested in photonics and deconvolution.
He's not a charming personality for sure, but he is breaking up a lot of static friction.
And thuggery and torture.
John Larkin Highland Tech Glen Canyon Design Center Lunatic Fringe Electronics
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Bill Sloman
The EU doesn't exactly look destroyed to me. It's taken over from the US in funding the Ukraine's defense effort - Trump didn't see the point. Russia can't afford the war, and the effort to prosecute it is gutting Russia - Russia is a big country so it is taking a while for the cracks to emerge.
Any blessings he may be delivering are remarkably well concealed. He looks very much like an ignorant spoilt brat, who is breaking his toys in a fit of spite, even though they aren't his toys to break.
It's called colonial exploitation. The west did it for about a hundred years. Exposing poor countries to a lot of capital does tend to raise living standards, which eventually limits the amount of exploitation you can get away with. China hasn't been at it for long enough to have had it's nose rubbed in that paradox.
That's a single statistic. One of my nieces works for Oxfam there - her husband is an Indonesian artist from one of the more obscure ethnic groups. There's a lot more going on than just industrial development.
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Bill Sloman
It's not noticeably bureaucratic. It's got rules - as any free trade area has - but they are reasonably sensible. The US scheme of putting the regulation into the hands of the insurance companies via the Underwriter's Laboratory neatly absolves the US government from imposing non-tariff barriers to trade, but it is a trifle irresponsible.
Everybody exports talent to the countries that are willing to pay for it. The US isn't. When you are the only advanced industrial country where wealth is more heritable than height, you are spending more money on the keeping the richer elements of your population happy than you are on rewarding the talented.
Up to a point. Russians do tend to know more math than American. Math is cheap to teach, and easier to export than skills that involve more elaborate equipment. Indian electronics experts tended to publish a lot on two-transistor circuits. It is suspected that few university departments could afford a third transistor.
That's one way of looking at it. Trashing the structure describes his antics more accurately.
In exactly the same way that the US encouraged banana republics. Batista in Cuba was tolerated by the American government. Castro's regime was a lot less corrupt, and America was no longer able to buy their cooperation, and resented it.
Trump's incursion into Venezuala is starting to look very like Dubbya's incursion into Irak. It's no more likely to leave America in command of the relevant oil fields. Trump may be clever, but he's never well-informed.
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Bill Sloman
Blumlein invented and patented modern television at EMI in the 1930's.
RCA patented pretty much exactly the same system a little later in the US. When EMI sued in the US courts, the crucial difference turned out to be that EMI had talked about quadrature modulation, and RCA had described exactly the same system as sine and cosine modulation. Unsurprisingly, the US court couldn't be persuaded that the two different names described identical system. Military power didn't come into it.
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john larkin
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====================================================== AI Overview Biography of Philo Farnsworth, American Inventor Philo T. Farnsworth, an American inventor, is credited with inventing the first fully functional electronic television system, successfully demonstrating it in 1927 and receiving the first patent for an electronic television system. While others like John Logie Baird (mechanical TV) and Vladimir Zworykin (RCA) contributed, Farnsworth's "image dissector" vacuum tube was the key to modern electronic television, overcoming mechanical limitations. Key Figures & Developments:
Philo Farnsworth (1906-1971): Developed the first all-electronic television system, capturing and displaying images using electrons, which formed the basis for all future electronic TVs. John Logie Baird (Scottish): Pioneered mechanical television in the 1920s, demonstrating early systems with spinning discs, but these were eventually superseded by electronic methods. Vladimir Zworykin (Russian-American): Working for RCA, Zworykin developed electronic camera tubes (iconoscope) and receivers, leading to patent disputes with Farnsworth, though Farnsworth's fundamental work was recognized by the U.S. Patent Office.
Farnsworth's Breakthrough:
The Idea: While in high school in Idaho, Farnsworth envisioned breaking images into electronic lines, transmitting them, and reassembling them at the receiver. The Invention: In 1927, at age 21, he successfully transmitted the first electronic image using his "image dissector" camera tube.