The Nobel Peace Prize for 2008 to Martti Ahtisaari
The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the Nobel Peace Prize for 2008 to Martti Ahtisaari for his important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts. These efforts have contributed to a more peaceful world and to =93fraternity between nations=94 in Alfred Nobel=92s spirit.
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The Nobel Prize in Literature 2008 to the French writer Jean-Marie Gustave Le Cl=E9zio
The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2008 is awarded to the French writer Jean-Marie Gustave Le Cl=E9zio "author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization".
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The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2008 jointly to Osamu Shimomura, Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), Woods Hole, MA, USA and Boston University Medical School, MA, USA; Martin Chalfie, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA and Roger Y. Tsien, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA "for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP". The Prize amount: SEK 10 million to be shared equally between the Laureates
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Nobel Prize in Physics for 2008
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Physics for 2008 with one half to Yoichiro Nambu, Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, IL, USA "for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics" and the other half jointly to Makoto Kobayashi, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan and Toshihide Maskawa,Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University, Japan "for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature". Prize amount: SEK 10 million. Nambu receives one half and Kobayashi and Maskawa share the other half.
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Germany's Harald zur Hausen and French researchers Francoise Barre- Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier shared the 2008 Nobel Prize in medicine on Monday for discovering the AIDS virus and the role of viruses in cervical cancer.
Barre-Sinoussi and Montagnier were cited for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV; zur Hausen was cited for finding human papilloma viruses that cause cervical cancer, the second most common cancer among women.
The German scientist received half of the 10 million kronor (USD 1.4 million) prize, while the two French researchers shared the other half.
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