No, you still don't understand. There IS locking of the 1PPS to GPS. That is its only purpose. The lock is a long term average, in terms of hours. An integrating low pass filter IS needed.
I consider it fraudulent that you cite TvB's work as if it would endorse your ideas.
In most GPS receivers the 1pps output is just a port bit of the CPU. You can ask some receivers for an estimate of how wrong the previous 1pps has been.
Single 1pps have no meaning other than an opportunity to blinking a LED. It takes 1000s of them to have any significance.
Gerhard
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P
Phil Hobbs
Good luck with that. They can mostly do math, I expect.
Cheers
Phil Hobbs
C
Clifford Heath
MikeM has a very long history of chasing faeries and myths. Just search his name along with "colloidal silver" for an example. I'm not surprised he needs to nym-shift constantly, given his history of starting fights he cannot win but will not admit defeat.
J
Jan Frank
There is no phase locking as in a pll. The internal crystal oscillator drifts in frequency due to small temperature changes.
Since phase is the integral of frequency, this causes a ramp in phase. The phase rolls over when it reaches 360 degrees, which causes the sawtooth waveform in the 1 PPS.
The 1PPS is not locked to the GPS. The error is bounded by the period of the internal crystal oscillator in the GPS receiver. Since the oscillator drifts, the phase also changes. See
"Allan Deviations of Typical Clocks"
Quote: "An example of 1PPS sawtooth. This is a "hanging bridge" that results when receiver's clock passes thru an integer Hz causing a zero-beat. While this happens, the statistics of time-interval averaging goes bad."
This is on page 12:
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Hanging bridges cause an indeterminant error in the phase of the 1PPS. You normally have no way to detect this, but I show a simple method below.
Gerhard, I have absolutely no idea how you came to that conclusion. I am not using TvB's work to endorse my ideas. These are not my ideas. They are TvB's. I got them from him.
I cited his page for clairification of their meaning. That is how references are used. There is nothing wrong with that, as long as you give credit. Which I did.
Yes. There is a very simple way to drive the error to zero using the NMEA ZDA - Time and Data message. You can use the information to adjust the internal crystal in the GPS receiver to the exact frequency needed for zero beat. See "Allan Deviations of Typical Clocks", cited above. There is usually no direct connection to the oscillator, but there are very simple tricks to get around that.
Quote: ZDA - Time and Date
"NOTE: GPS time can be used as a time tag for the PPS output. The ZDA sentence comes out 00-500 ms after the PPS."
"ZDA - SiRF Timing Message"
"Outputs the time associated with the current 1 PPS pulse. Each message is output within a few hundred ms after the 1 PPS pulse is output and tells the time of the pulse that just occurred."
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Here is an article that describes the ZDA message string and sample C code to decode it:
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Even with zero pps error, you still have to contend with the diurnal phase shift, especially at sunrise and sunset.
It takes around 10^4 pulses to get to 1e-12, depending on the receiver. See
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link to TvB)
J
Jan Frank
They also understand money. Improved performance leads directly to that.
LOL! I posted for a long time on the Yahoo colloidal silver page. It is full of information on how to make and use colloidal silver. It was moved to the google groups site when Yahoo terminated the forums. You can find it at
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but I haven't posted in years.
Instead of the conventional 3 nines, I use pure silver wire bent in a U- shape. This avoids the concentration of ions at the sharp tips which leads to the production of silver hydroxide, which is completely inert and of no use.
I also use a constant current source to control the current. There is no control with the 3 nines, which leads to runaway as the solution evolves.
I also use a completely different method of taking the silver ions. Instead of drinking it, which produces silver chloride when it combines with the hydrochloric acid in the stomach, I simply hold a mouthful for 15 minutes, then spit it out. This produces a concentration of around 27 parts per billion in the typical male, so there is no problem with producing silver chloride when they contact the salt in the blood.
27 parts per billion is a very small amount, but it is all that is needed. The silver ions provide the mineral needed by white blood cells to track and destroy pathogens.
The result is no one who uses my method ever has colds or the flu again. I haven't had a cold or flu in over 30 years. Shingles is killed in a day or so, and herpes simplex (cold sores) drop off in about three days.
The silver ions are also useful in healing cuts and burns. I once received a serious burn on my finger, which completely stripped off the skin down to the fingernail.
I wrapped the finger in gauze, and kept it saturated with a silver ion solution. Within a week or so, the wound was completely healed, with no trace of a scar.
All along, I provided complete details, including descriptions and schematics.
I also provided the equations for the electrolysis process for the first time. This explained how the silver ions are released from the anode into the solution, and why they combine with the hydroxyl ions formed at the cathode to form silver hydroxide, AgOh. This is one of the least useful substances on the planet and is to be avoided.
I explained how the concentration of ions combine in the Nernst Diffusion layer, and how to swap the polarity of the current in the electrolysis process to minimize it. This allows you to reach a concentration of around
18 ppm (parts per million) instead of the normal 4-5 ppm with the 3 nines.
I also showed how to use the Faraday equation to calculate the silver ion concentration in the electrolysis process. Here it is:
; General Faraday Calculation For Metals ; This uses the equation solver written by Roger Schlafly ; Roger Schlafly's files are available at:
; The Faraday Constant gives the amount of charge needed to transfer ; one gram-equivalent of substance by electrolysis. It is 96,485.34 ; Coulombs or 26.80 ampere-hours. This is the product of Avogadro's ; number and the charge of the electron.
; Constants
atomwt = metal ; valence
chromium = 51.9961 ; 6 ; atomic weight of chromium copper = 63.546 ; 2 ; atomic weight of copper lead = 207.2 ; 2 ; atomic weight of lead silver = 107.868 ; 1 ; atomic weight of silver zinc = 65.39 ; 2 ; atomic weight of zinc
faraday = 96485.34 ; Faraday constant
; Unit Conversions
coulombs = amp * seconds ; total number of Coulombs ionsec = amp / (valence * 1.60217733e-19) ; ions per second ionsnm2 = ionssqinsec / 6.45e14 ; ions per square nanometer per sec ionssqinsec = ionsec / area ; ions per sq. in. per sec mg = grams * 1000 ; convert milligrams to grams ppb = ppm * 1e3 ; parts per billion ppm = mg / litres ; 1 ppm is 1 milligram per litre ppmpermin = ppm / minutes ; ppm per minute ppt = ppm * 1e6 ; Parts Per Trillion, not Per Thousand seconds = hours * 3600 ; brew time seconds = minutes * 60 ; number of minutes totnumions = ionsec * seconds ; total number of ions transferred uasqin = (1e6 * amp) / area ; current density in uA per sq in
; Volume Conversions
cc = ml ; 1 cubic centimeter = 1 milliliter litres = 0.946352946 * quart ; convert US quart to litres litres = 3.785412 * usgallon ; convert US gallon to litres litres = 4.546092 * cangallon ; convert Can gallon to litres ml = litres * 1000 ; convert litres to millilitre ounces = 33.8140227 * litres ; convert litres to ounces
I consider my contributions to the field very significant, and of interest to anyone wishing to improve their health.
M
Martin Brown
[snip]
Or more likely turn their skin a curious shade of silver grey blue alien colour as has happened to quite a few of the self medicating colloidal silver fanatics (and also from industrial injury working with silver). Argyria:
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Think delusional libertarian freak show...
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One odd side effect of the Y2k bug that didn't go away!
On the plus side it is nowhere near as harmful as self medicating with Radium as was once popular in the USA. Promoted by Eben Byers.
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J
Jan Frank
You have to drink huge amounts of badly made colloidal silver over a long time to see any effect. Stan Jones drank cs made with sodium chloride for ten years before he turned blue.
Using salt in the electrolysis process was originally recommended for the 3 nines process. It was quickly abandoned when it was found to have no effect.
The next step was to eliminate the salt and use pure distilled water instead of ordinary tap water. This produced solutions of 4-5 ppm and had much better effect.
The method I recommend is to use a constant current source and alternate the polarity every 15 minutes, with a 5 minute pause in between. I would be happy to post the LTspice ASC and PRT files, and the Diptrace schematic and pcb files if requested.
This produces about 18 ppm of silver ions, which is about the strongest you can make at home.
The next step is to not drink it, which produces silver chloride when the silver ions come in contact with the hydrochloric acid in your stomach.
Silver chloride is insoluble, and enters the blood stream after it passes out of the stomach.
It then distributes throughout the body and builds up over time. This produces the silver tint shown in various photos.
Instead, my recommendation is to hold a mouthful for abut 15 minutes, then spit it out. This bypasses the formation of silver chloride in the stomach, and the silver ions are absorbed sublingually.
The resulting ion concentration in the blood is around 27 ppb (parts per billion). This is far too small to form silver chloride in the blood, but it is more than enough to help the immune system find and destroy pathogens.
I have not had a cold or flu in over 30 years. A shingles attack was stopped in days. A herpes simplex (cold sores) was stopped in 3 days. Other users report the same results.
A serious burn that stripped the skin of my finger was healed in a week or so using silver ions in a gauze bandage.
Silver-impregnated bandages are used in hospitals to treat burn victims. Silver sulphate bandages are another form that is also used.
These bandages rely on enzymes in the victims secretions to release silver ions into the wound.
This is actually a very inefficient method of obtaining silver ions.
Saturating a gauze bandage is far more effective, but this would require teaching doctors and nurses how to handle the solution and avoid contamination, especially to avoid contact with salts. This is practically impossible, so the current practise is probably best.
J
Jan Frank
[...]
I enjoy a good fight with intelligent and knowlegable people. You do not qualify.
I am changing my nym again. I found that Arnie Dwyer is a much more satisfying name, and I like it much better. I have tried it on Youtube and I am very satisfied with the results. Here is a list of my previous nyms:
Mike Monett. This is my real name and the name on my patents. BTW, I got my first patent at MIT. I doubt you even recognize the name.
Steve Wilson. I used this for a long time, but got sick of it.
Arnie Dwyer. This is my new nym. I will use it for future posts.
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