Re: Shield

Feb 07, 2012 7 Replies



> > >
> > > In shielding cables from EMI what is the principle behind it? I'm
> > > specifically thinking of midi where it is 3 to 5 strand wire with a
> > > ground/shield.
> >
> > > The idea is simply to provide a constant voltage between the "world"
> > > and the signals similar to a guard rail/trace used to isolate a part
> > > of a circuit from the effects of another through the pcb?
> >
> > > What is the math behind it? Do Maxwell's equations prevent a
> > > differential change when the voltage is constant on the surface which
> > > makes the inner voltage constant as see from the outside? Sort of like
> > > a Faraday cage or charging the "bucket pale"?
> >
> > Sure. A Faraday cage is a particular sort of shield.
> >
> > The practical weaknesses of stranded shielding wire are twofold - the
> > first, largely theoretical problem is that gaps between the shielding
> > wires do allow the external electrostatic field to penetrate to the
> > central wire being shielded. It's essentially a theoretic problem
> > because the gaps between the strands are a lot smaller than the gap
> > between the strands and the central wire, and the external field is
> > attenduated by a couple of order of magnitude in most practical cases.
>
> I've seen electro-static ~25kHz 'stuff' from overhead fluorescents
> leaking in through 'standard' coax. That's why they make shielded
> cable that has both braid and aluminized mylar. You often see pieces
> of aluminum foil wrapped about the low level signal line in some labs.
>
> George H.
> >

Yup, RG58 talks to everything in sight. Double-braid coax types are a lot better (e.g. RG223 and RG6), and the sort of semi-semirigid types made by soaking the braid in tin are a whole lot better than either.


I think it's partly the gaps and partly the poor contact between the wires in the braid.


Cheers



Phil Hobbs


Dr Philip C D Hobbs Principal Consultant ElectroOptical Innovations LLC Optics, Electro-optics, Photonics, Analog Electronics 160 North State Road #203 Briarcliff Manor NY 10510 845-480-2058 hobbs at electrooptical dot net http://electrooptical.net

All my general-purpose lab cables are RG223. If I need better, I use semirigid. Frequently-mated BNCs can leak badly, too.

You need to watch out for outgassing from poor quality PVC affecting the braid wires. HP had problems with some of their 'scope delay lines that way.

"For a successful technology, reality must take precedence over public relations, for nature cannot be fooled." (Richard Feynman)

Leaky coax is available off the shelf from Andrew. Effectively LDF4-50 with holes punched in the copper jacket. Used in mines for mobile communication underground. Costs a fortune.

"For a successful technology, reality must take precedence over public relations, for nature cannot be fooled." (Richard Feynman)

Unfortunately RG233 has a solid centre conductor, so it isn't as good for lab cables as it could be. The BNC problem is related to the very strange properties of nickel oxide, which forms very low barrier tunnel junctions. (I spent about 7 years of my life making Ni-NiO-Ni tunnel junction devices for infrared detectors and modulators. NiO is really weird stuff.)

Jiggling the wire changes the TJ thickness and area, which is why both intermod and spurious performance of nickel-plated connectors is so unpredictable. Nickel-plated SMAs are better than BNCs, because 10 inch-pounds of torque is enough to ensure metal to metal contact in the connector threads.

Yup. Old coax gets really lossy, even at frequencies too low for it to be skin effect related.

Cheers

Phil Hobbs

Dr Philip C D Hobbs Principal Consultant ElectroOptical Innovations LLC Optics, Electro-optics, Photonics, Analog Electronics 160 North State Road #203 Briarcliff Manor NY 10510 845-480-2058 hobbs at electrooptical dot net http://electrooptical.net

I *try* only to use silver plated BNCs and gold plated SMAs.

"For a successful technology, reality must take precedence over public relations, for nature cannot be fooled." (Richard Feynman)

Phil, I've used RG58 with a combination of foil and braid for computer networks. It was a lot better that the standard type. I also have a couple rolls of double silver plated braided teflon jacketed RF cable out in the shop. Microdyne used it for their early microwave cabling.

You can't have a sense of humor, if you have no sense.

Braid and foil works fine, I agree--I wish I knew where to get BNC patch cords made out of it. Also, networking applications aren't as sensitive as lots of instrument and lab work. In a network, the side being interfered with has the same signal levels as the interference source, whereas in an instrument the levels can be arbitrarily different--it can be more like a repeater than a network.

Cheers

Phil Hobbs

Dr Philip C D Hobbs Principal Consultant ElectroOptical Innovations LLC Optics, Electro-optics, Photonics, Analog Electronics 160 North State Road #203 Briarcliff Manor NY 10510 845-480-2058 hobbs at electrooptical dot net http://electrooptical.net

I was surprised to get it form a local computer parts warehouse. The next time I was there, they were out of it, and every time after that. Of course, they wouldn't tell you the brand, and there were no usable markings on the jacket. I used it to put a network in a Catholic elementary school, after they refused the use of Cat5 cabling.

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lists some, but I have never bought from them.

You can't have a sense of humor, if you have no sense.

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