Around here the preferred term seems to be "jellybean". You buy them in quantity, toss them off wherever you need them.
2N4401 for medium-voltage low-current NPN bipolar applications. 2N4403 is PNP counterpart. The plastic 2N2222/2N3904/2N3906 are similar but not quite as good for most purposes.MPSA42 for voltages up to low hundred V in NPN. MPSA92 for PNP.
ULN2003/2803 when you need 7 or 8 NPN common-emitter switches in a single package.
Above currents of a few hundred mA or powers above a fractional watt, things aren't so jellybeanish. TIP30/TIP31/2N3055 are common choices and readily available but really are far from the cream of the crop compared to better and likely cheaper choices for individual applications. Non-bipolar transistors are often superior choices, the 2N7000 for example. Even though everyone will tell you it's a switch, I've seen it used in some surprising linear applications!
Tim.