I had dinner with an acoustic engineer and asked about your hearing aid problem. He said it was possible and offered some hardware suggestions, which I scribbled down somewhere. However, he mentioned an important point which you should consider if you build your own device. Since you can't hear much at about 3KHz, if you drive the earphone with too much power, you risk creating additional hearing damage. You can't tell if the hearing aid is too loud (too high an SPL). Whatever you build, make sure that it has some kind of limiter or compressor circuit to keep you from accidentally blowing out your ear drums from a door slam or sudden loud noise. He also agreed that
500-2800 Hz is about all you'll need for speech.