Dear everybody,
I'm using GNU toolchain for NIOS and I have some problems using the C++ new operator. I think my problems depend of my linker script, so I hope any "guru" can help me.
I have defined my ".data" section starting at 0xB0000. Once software is running I'm able to verify that dynamic objects are allocated after static memory. But, if I delete one object and allocate it again, the new operator allocate it at an address below 0xB0000.
Is my linker script missing of any directive to define the dynamic memory area ? In general, how can I define dynamic memory area using ld ?
Below I have attached my linker script. "nasys_data_mem" is equal to
0x80000I hope someone can help me.
Best Regards
/Alessandro
ENTRY(_start)
SECTIONS { /* Read-only sections, merged into text segment: */
. = nasys_data_mem;
/* * Begin the read-only code section here. */
.text : { *(.text.prefix) /* Force prefix to be first */ *(.init) *(.init.*) *(.text) *(.text.*) *(.gnu.linkonce.t*) } =0
. = ALIGN(4); _etext = .;
PROVIDE (etext = .);
/* * Begin the read-only but not-relocated section of * memory here. */
_nasys_rodata = .;
.ctors : { _ctors_begin = .; KEEP (*(.ctors)) _ctors_end = .; } .dtors : { _dtors_begin = .; KEEP (*(.dtors)) _dtors_end = .; } .rodata : { *(.rodata) *(.rodata.*) *(.gnu.linkonce.r*) }
_nasys_rodata_end = .;
/* * -------------------------------------------------- * the .data section contains initialized and writeable * variables. If we have separate code & data, we need * to have it load in code area, but have the symbols * resolve to the data area. */ _nasys_data_source = .; /*_nasys_data_destination = (nasys_program_mem == nasys_data_mem) ? _nasys_data_source : nasys_data_mem;*/ _nasys_data_destination = nasys_data_mem + 0x30000;
.data _nasys_data_destination : AT (_nasys_data_source) { _data = .; *(.data) *(.data.*) *(.gnu.linkonce.d*) SORT(CONSTRUCTORS)
. = ALIGN(4); _edata = .; _nasys_data_destination_end = .; PROVIDE (edata = .); }
_nasys_data_source_end = _nasys_data_source + SIZEOF(.data);
/* * Lastly, the noninitialized storage area. * This will start immediately following * the initialized data destination address end. * This is either right next to the code, * if code address = data address, or out in * the data memory, if they're different. */
__bss_start = .; _nasys_uninitialized_storage = .;
.bss : { _bss = .; *(.dynbss) *(.bss) *(.bss.*) *(COMMON) *(.dynsbss) *(.sbss) *(.sbss.*) *(.scommon) . = ALIGN(4); } _nasys_uninitialized_storage_end = .;
/* * "_end" is used as the start of the mallocable memoryarea */
_end = .; PROVIDE (end = .);
/* * To see if you've exceeded memory, you can * check the symbols "_end" for the end of all static * data memory, and "_etext" for the end of the code, * against your memory map. -- dvb */
/* * ------------------------------------------------------------ * dvb say: "I'll leave all this stuff down here exactly * as I found it, for debugging info, without * understanding it." */
/* Stabs debugging sections. */ .stab 0 : { *(.stab) } .stabstr 0 : { *(.stabstr) } .stab.excl 0 : { *(.stab.excl) } .stab.exclstr 0 : { *(.stab.exclstr) } .stab.index 0 : { *(.stab.index) } .stab.indexstr 0 : { *(.stab.indexstr) } .comment 0 : { *(.comment) } /* DWARF debug sections. Symbols in the DWARF debugging sections are relative to the beginning of the section so we begin them at 0. */ /* DWARF 1 */ .debug 0 : { *(.debug) } .line 0 : { *(.line) } /* GNU DWARF 1 extensions */ .debug_srcinfo 0 : { *(.debug_srcinfo) } .debug_sfnames 0 : { *(.debug_sfnames) } /* DWARF 1.1 and DWARF 2 */ .debug_aranges 0 : { *(.debug_aranges) } .debug_pubnames 0 : { *(.debug_pubnames) } /* DWARF 2 */ .debug_info 0 : { *(.debug_info) } .debug_abbrev 0 : { *(.debug_abbrev) } .debug_line 0 : { *(.debug_line) } .debug_frame 0 : { *(.debug_frame) } .debug_str 0 : { *(.debug_str) } .debug_loc 0 : { *(.debug_loc) } .debug_macinfo 0 : { *(.debug_macinfo) } /* SGI/MIPS DWARF 2 extensions */ .debug_weaknames 0 : { *(.debug_weaknames) } .debug_funcnames 0 : { *(.debug_funcnames) } .debug_typenames 0 : { *(.debug_typenames) } .debug_varnames 0 : { *(.debug_varnames) } /* These must appear regardless of . */ }