google AVRUSB or Objective Development AVR
Its not what I use for my devices, which need a blazing update rate, but it works well.
microchip is now making a pic with usb and analog inputs , but I haven't used it yet
you want to access HID , ie Human Interface Device, in windows.
IE you plug in a usb joystick or other game controller, you get a HID, it "mounts" itself into windows, sends windows a text file telling windows what its controls are, your software associates itself with those controls, and off you go. It will show up as a hardware device in the device manager menu in windows as a " Sound, Video, and Game Controller" and there is sample code on the net on how to read them.
If you only need 8 bits of analog, these are hackable and average 22 dollars or so.
"Logitech Dual Action Gamepad"
The traces on the PCB are printed polymer conductive ink, but the actual switch contacts and potentiometer pads are solderable, as are the vias on the board. You can get on the pads with #22 stranded wire if your looking for a quick hack, and its fairly immune to 60 hz noise pickup when hacked, many of its competitors are not.
It comes with excellent software that makes hacking its connections with a ohm meter and a jumper wire a breeze.
Hope that gets you started.
Steve Roberts